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Human value in the digital age 数字时代的人类价值.pdf
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Human value in the digital age 数字时代的人类价值.pdf
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Human value
in the digital age
www.pwc.nl
Chief Economist
Office
December 2017
PwC
Contents
2
Introduction
3
Effects of digitalisation
5
Different skills required
9
Do we all benefit?
12
Shifting to purpose and values
15
Leadership in a digital age
19
How will we organise the costs, benefits and dilemma’s?
21
Key questions
22
Literature
23
Contact information
24
Human value in the digital age
PwC
Introduction
Since a number of years, several studies have
warned us about potential job losses, across
all sectors, due to advances in ‘smart
automation’ – combinations of artificial
intelligence, robotics and other technologies
that are rapidly and widely disseminated due
to globalisation. These studies predict that
digitalisation will fundamentally alter the
quantity – and the quality – of the workforce
needed for the advancing production
processes. Digitalisation will therefore drive
massive skills and labour market
transformations across the globe.
While some studies focus on the skills
revolution needed, few studies shine a light
on the human-machine interaction and the
value that humans do bring to the workplace
in the digital age and what is needed to
unleash this potential.
1. PwC (2017) CEO survey
3
Digitalisation and automation are already
fundamentally transforming the way we
work. For example, data analytics, the
Internet of Things and drones are already
used in many industries to make production
processes better, faster, more accurate,
cheaper and to make them available 24-7.
As both tasks and jobs change as a result of
digitalisation, organisations look for different
capabilities and skill sets from their
employees. Many organisations currently
focus on the cognitive skills humans bring to
the workplace.
However, smart automation and artificial
intelligence allow computers to automate
cognitive skills. Computer algorithms and
deep learning already outsmart the cognitive
human brain.
The question is therefore not just whether
and how machines will replace humans,
but rather how humans and machines will
complement each other, and what value
people will add to the workforce of the future
besides their cognitive skills.
Other skills, such as adaptability and
creativity, are already becoming very
important, a notion which seems to be well
understood by CEOs all over the world.
1
But also empathy, care, integrity and
imagination are values that are needed to
build the bridge between technology and
increased prosperity and wellbeing.
At PwC, we recently started a journey to
make our purpose as a firm within the
economy and society more explicit and to
rethink the values we need to enhance in
order to demonstrate our purpose.
Human value in the digital age
PwC
Many businesses are also recalibrating their
values. Our PwC CEO Survey
1
showed that
92% of the world’s CEOs agree that in an
increasingly digital world it is becoming ever
more important to have a strong corporate
purpose. Within PwC, we found that a
sizeable majority of our 220,000 people
voted for a more human values based culture
for the future, instead of the rational,
more cognitive values we have been
embracing and fostering for many years.
So when it comes to the future of work,
two trends seem to be coinciding
at the moment.
Technology crowds out human work for
various tasks while emphasising the need for
those skills which computers will – for the
foreseeable future – not be able to compete
on, creating new balances between humans
and machines. At the same time, work needs
to be meaningful to be attractive, which
means that there is a strong demand for
purpose-led organisations and workplaces
and therefore a need to define and adopt
values based work.
In this report we will explore how
digitalisation and automation are
transforming the labour market, and our
society.
We will explore the value that people can add
to the digital economy to increase welfare
and to gain the full benefits of digitalisation.
We will discuss the skills needed for future
jobs, the challenges we currently face and
how to respond to these issues; as a business,
as a citizen and as a society. Last but not
least, we will explore
the role of leaders along this journey.
Jan Willem Velthuijsen
Chief Economist
Wendy van Tol
Partner People and Organization
1. PwC (2017) CEO survey
4
Human value in the digital age
PwC
Digitalisation increases prosperity …
Technology increases prosperity
Technology has had a positive impact on our
society. Global GDP has risen steadily as a
result of industrialisation in the late 1800s,
the rise of robots in the 1970s and the
widespread use of personal computers and
the internet in the 1990s. Research from
Oxford Economics shows that technological
progress has been the main contributor to
the eightfold rise in per capita income.
1
The CEP estimates that industrial robots
increased labour productivity, value added
and wages.
2
The contribution of the
increased use of robots to economic growth
has been substantial, towards 0.37 percent,
based on conservative estimates.
This accounted for just over one tenth
of aggregate growth.
5
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
18201830184018501860187018801890190019101920193019401950196019701980199020002010
Graph 1.
Global wealth has increased since the beginning of industrialization
in the early 19th century (in GDP per capita (1990 Int. GK$))
3
Western Europe
4
USA China India Japan Total World
1. PwC (2017) UK Economic Outlook March 2017
2. CEP (2015) Robots at Work
3. Madison projects, PwC analysis
4. Western Europe refers to Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,
Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK.
Human value in the digital age
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