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Digital Human Modeling 数字人体建模.pdf
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Digital Human Modeling 数字人体建模.pdf
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CHAPTER 9
Digital Human Modeling
© 2016 Siemens Product Lifecycle Management Soware Inc. Reprinted with permission.
THIS CHAPTER PROVIDES:
•Abriefoverviewofthefunctionofdigitalhumanmodeling(DHM)andergonomicsimulations
inthedesignofhealthyworkplaces.
•AwalkthroughofergonomicsanalysisfunctionscommonlyfoundinDHMsoware.
How to cite this book chapter:
Berlin,CandAdamsC2017Production Ergonomics: Designing Work Systems to Support Optimal Human
Performance. Pp.161–174.London:UbiquityPress.DOI:https://doi.org/10.5334/bbe.i.License:CC-BY4.0
162 Production Ergonomics
WHY DO I NEED TO KNOW THIS AS AN ENGINEER?
Certainindustrialsectorshavestrategicallyreachedsuchalevelofmaturityregardingergo-
nomicsthattheyhavethemeansandequipmenttosimulateergonomicsinacomputer,
usingadigitalhumanmodel(calledamanikin).Today,thereareanumberofcommercially
available3DCADsowarepackagessuitedtoergonomicsimulation,withbuilt-inanaly-
sisfunctionalitiesthathelpananalysttodeterminewhetheranewproductorworkplace
designcarriesanergonomicrisk. Digital humanmodellingalsooersthepossibilityto
designandtestnewworkplacesandproductsonavarietyofvirtualhumansofdierent
shapesandsizes.Knowinghowtousethesetoolscansaveyoutimeandmoney,allowyou
tocompareseveralalternatives,andoeryoubetterpossibilitiestodesignforapopulation
ofusers,whomightnotbeavailableinreallifefortesting.
WHICH ROLES BENEFIT FROM THIS KNOWLEDGE?
e system performance improver and work environment/safety specialist
arebothabletouseergonomicssimulationasawaytomakeabusiness
caseforworkplaceimprovements.Modellingtheergonomicrisksandthe
impactofadesignchangeisafast,cheap,non-intrusivewaytoexplainto
otherstakeholderswhattheimmediateimpactsofachangeprojectwouldbe
(forexample,introducingliingequipment,changingaworkingheight,etc.)
withoutmakingchangesthatmaydisturbon-goingproduction.evisuali-
zationscanalsobeusedtocommunicatewithsuppliersofequipmentorwith
operatorsaboutdierentrisksandwaystoaddressthem.
e purchaser(andthesystem performance improver)canbenetfromdis-
cussingasimulationofaproposedergonomicsinterventionaspartofthe
processofdecidingwhethertheproposal is possibletot intheavailable
space,ifitcansuccessfullyapplytoallofthetargetedworkforce,andifthe
investmentine.g.newworkspacesorequipmentislikelytolessentheiden-
tiedproblematicloadings.
9.1. Ergonomic simulation
Simulationsareused inmanydierentsectorstotestsolutionsbeforethey arefullyimplemented
andthedisciplineofergonomicsisnoexception.Digitalhumanmodeling(DHM)is atermthat
designatesasowaretoolthatenablesdigitalmodelsofhumanstointeractwithvirtualworkplacesor
productsinadigitalCADenvironment.eworkplacecanbebuiltupinCADandanumberoftests
donetodetermineitsergonomicsuitabilitybyimportingadigitalhuman,thusprovidingavisual
representationoftheworkplacedesigninuse.esizemeasurementsofthedigitalhumanmodelare
basedonanthropometricdatabases,enablinganumberofdierentmodelsofdierentpercentiles
Digital Human Modeling 163
tobeusedinthesamevirtualworkplace.ereareanumberofbenetsprovidedbyDHMforthe
productionengineer:
•Easytoadoptaproactivedesignapproach
•Enablesnumerousalternativesolutionstobecompared
•Itisnotalwayspossibletoaccesstherealenvironment
•Easytotestarangeofdierentmeasurementsacrossdierentgendersandnationalities
•Visualisestheproposedworkdesignlayoutanditseectsonphysicalergonomics,enablingmean-
ingfuldiscussionsbetweendesigners,ergonomistsandleadership
•Trainingaid
Giventhe high costs and large amount of space required to build full-scale models during the
designanddevelopmentstage,itcanbedicultandcostlytoidentifyworktasksthatmayinvolve
awkward postures or potential damaging body positions early on. Especially in the production
environmentwheremeaningfultestscanonlybeconductedwhentheassemblylineisshutdown.
roughtheuseofergonomicsimulationsitispossibletomakeinformeddesigndecisionsearly
on.Ratherthanonlyrealizingthereisanissueoncethesystemhasbeenimplementedandinjuries
havestartedtooccur,adoptingaproactiveapproachandthoroughlytestingandanalysingdesign
optionsearlyonthroughsimulationcanreduceinjuryrisksandsavetimeandmoneylaterinthe
implementationprocess.
Aswehavediscussedthroughoutthisbook,productionenvironmentsneedtosuitadiverserange
ofpeoplewith dierent sizesandstrengths.Findingsucha diverserangeofpeoplewithenough
time to conduct workplacetestingcanbe dicult.However, with access to numerousdatabases
andmeasurementsets,itispossibletoimportarangeofdierentsizedhumanmodels,ofdierent
gendersandnationalitieswithvaryingpercentilesusingDHM.Careshouldbetakenwhenusing
preloadedanthropometricdatabases,toensurethatthedataisatruerepresentationofthedesired
population.Inadditiontothesetestingfunctions,DHMcanalsobeusedasatrainingaid,solong
beforetheworkplacehasbeencompletedandimplemented,operatorscanvisuallyseewhattheir
taskswilllooklike.
Anumberofergonomicsimulationpackageshavebeendevelopedthelasttwodecades,someof
whichareresearchprojectsandsomeofwhicharecommerciallyavailable.Somenoteworthyexam-
plesare:
•Jack(Siemens,2016)
•RAMSIS(HumanSolutions2010;Bubbetal.,2006)
•SAMMIE(Marshalletal.,2010)
•DELMIA Ergonomics Specialist (Dassault Systèmes, 2016a); its well-known predecessor was
DELMIAV5Human(DassaultSystèmes,2016b)
•Anybody(AnybodyTechnology,2016)
•SANTOS(a“VirtualSoldier”;ESIGroup,2016;Abdel-Maleketal.,2007)
•IMMA(Hansonetal.,2012;2014)
Whilethefunctionalityandusabilityvary acrosstheboard,ultimately they allprovideamethod
totestscenariosinavirtualenvironment usingdigitalhumanmodels.GiventhatSiemens’s so-
ware,Jack,isawell-knowndigitalergonomicsevaluationtoolthatiseasilyresearchedonline–andis
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