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摘要
I
摘 要
制造业是国民经济的主体,是立国之本、兴国之器、强国之基。为此,国务院
提出了《中国制造 2025》,旨在全面提高我国的制造能力。该文明确提出要大力
推进信息化和工业化的融合,要在航空航天装备上实现重点领域的技术突破。在未
来十年,我国对飞机的需求将会持续加大,这就要求飞机零件的制造效率要高、响
应速度要快。为此,零件制造单位都在积极研究建设适合于飞机零部件制造的柔性
自动化生产线,提升飞机零部件交付能力。但对生产线排产算法的研究与应用还比
较少,这就导致实际生产不能发挥出生产线的最大效能。
针对上述问题,本文在研究国内外研究现状的基础上,以实际柔性生产线为研
究对象,建立符合现场生产实际的排产调度模型,采用优化的粒子群算法对模型进
行求解,最后采用 C#与 MATLAB 混合编程的方式,设计并实现满足实际生产排
产要求的柔性生产线排产系统。主要的研究工作如下:
1. 对柔性生产线系统进行生产调度分析,建立调度模型。首先将生产线中的
工件工序分为加工和测量两道工序,并分析确认了刀具更换的时间和刀具使用冲
突时间在排产时需要被考虑,而物料机器人为机床和测量机上下料的时间在排产
阶段无需考虑。接着将生产排产的调度目标定义为在满足机床约束、工件任务优先
级约束以及所有工件不超期的情况下,任务总完工时间最短。
2. 对传统的粒子群算法进行研究与仿真验证,提出带粒子调整环节的粒子群
优化算法。首先根据粒子群算法解决生产线排产问题的固有流程,对粒子进行编码、
粒子速度和位置更新策略设计以及适应度函数定义,然后,在种群粒子初始化以及
种群粒子更新后,新增粒子调整环节,对粒子进行局部范围的定向编排优化,使其
满足机床约束与工件优先级约束,从而减少粒子群算法的求解目标。
3. 设计并实现了柔性生产线排产系统。为了实现排产系统与生产线控制系统
的衔接,研究制定了一套 NC 指令规范,将排产计划数据转化成方便设备控制与调
度的指令。最后采用实际生产数据对排产系统进行测试,成功实现了生产计划的排
产与 NC 指令文件的输出,验证了系统的排产能力。
关键词:航空航天,柔性生产线,排产,粒子群算法
ABSTRACT
II
ABSTRACT
The manufacturing industry is the mainstay of the national economy, the foundation
of the country, the instrument of rejuvenation, and the foundation of a strong country.
Therefore, the State Council has proposed "Made in China 2025", which aims to
comprehensively improve the country's manufacturing capacity. This paper clearly puts
forward that we should vigorously promote the integration of information and
industrialization, and achieve technological breakthroughs in key fields of aerospace
equipment. In the next decade, China's demand for aircraft will continue to increase,
which requires aircraft parts to be manufactured with high efficiency and fast response
time. In order to solve this problem, parts manufacturing units are actively studying the
construction of flexible automatic production lines suitable for aircraft parts
manufacturing, to improve the delivery capacity of aircraft parts. But the research and
application of the production line scheduling algorithm are still relatively few, which
leads to the actual production line can not play the maximum efficiency.
Aiming at the above problems, based on the research status at home and abroad, this
paper takes the actual flexible production line as the research object, establishes the
production scheduling model in line with the actual field production, and then uses the
optimized particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the model. Finally, the flexible
production line scheduling system is designed and implemented by C# and Matlab hybrid
programming. The main research work is as follows:
1. Analyzed the production scheduling of the flexible production line system and
established the scheduling model. Firstly, the workpiece process in the production line is
divided into two processes: machining and measuring, and it is analyzed and confirmed
that the time of tool replacement and the conflict time of tool use need to be considered
in the production scheduling, while the time of material robot for machine tool and
measuring machine feeding need not be considered in the production scheduling. Then,
the target of production scheduling is defined as the shortest total completion time of the
task under the condition of satisfying the constraints of machine tool, the constraints of
the priority of the work and not exceeding the deadline of all the work pieces.
2. The traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm is studied and verified by
simulation, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm with particle adjustment link
ABSTRACT
III
is proposed. First based on particle swarm optimization (pso) algorithm to solve the
inherent process of production line production scheduling problem, to encode the particle,
particle velocity and position updating strategy design, and fitness function definition,
and then, after the particle population initialization and particle update population, new
particle adjustment link, the local scope of particle orientation layout optimization, make
it meet the machine tool and workpiece priority constraints, thereby reducing the particle
swarm algorithm of the target.
3. Design and implement the scheduling system of flexible production line. In order
to realize the connection between the production scheduling system and the production
line control system, a set of NC instruction specification was developed to convert the
production scheduling data into equipment control and scheduling instructions. Finally,
the actual production data is used to test the production scheduling system, and the
production scheduling of the production plan and the output of NC instruction files are
successfully realized, and the production scheduling capacity of the system is verified.
Key words: Aerospace, Flexible Production Line, Scheduling, Particle Swarm
Optimization
目录
IV
目 录
第一章 绪 论 .................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 研究工作的背景与意义 ................................................................................... 1
1.1.1 研究背景 ................................................................................................ 1
1.1.2 研究意义 ................................................................................................ 1
1.2 柔性生产线技术的研究历史与现状 ............................................................... 2
1.2.1 FMS 系统研究动态 ................................................................................ 2
1.2.2 MES 系统研究动态 ................................................................................ 3
1.3 生产线排产算法的研究历史与现状 ............................................................... 3
1.3.1 调度问题 ................................................................................................ 3
1.3.2 排产算法研究动态 ................................................................................ 4
1.4 本文的主要研究内容与创新 ........................................................................... 5
1.4.1 主要研究内容 ........................................................................................ 5
1.4.2 创新点 .................................................................................................... 5
1.5 本论文的结构安排 ........................................................................................... 6
第二章 柔性生产线分析与建模 .................................................................................... 7
2.1 柔性生产线简介 ............................................................................................... 7
2.2 生产线调度需求 ............................................................................................... 8
2.3 生产线建模 ....................................................................................................... 9
2.3.1 影响因素分析 ........................................................................................ 9
2.3.2 模型确定 ................................................................................................ 9
2.4 排产调度示例 ................................................................................................. 12
2.5 本章小结 ......................................................................................................... 15
第三章 柔性生产线排产算法设计与验证 .................................................................. 16
3.1 粒子群算法适用性分析 ................................................................................. 16
3.2 粒子群算法描述 ............................................................................................. 16
3.3 粒子群算法解决排产问题 ............................................................................. 17
3.3.1 工件任务信息描述 .............................................................................. 17
3.3.2 粒子编码 .............................................................................................. 18
3.3.3 适应度定义 .......................................................................................... 19
3.3.4 更新策略设计 ...................................................................................... 22
目录
V
3.3.5 算法性能验证测试 .............................................................................. 24
3.4 粒子群算法优化 ............................................................................................. 25
3.4.1 求解失败原因分析 .............................................................................. 25
3.4.2 算法优化 .............................................................................................. 25
3.5 算法性能对比与分析 ..................................................................................... 27
3.5.1 仿真实验结果 ...................................................................................... 27
3.5.2 实验结果分析 ...................................................................................... 30
3.6 本章小结 ......................................................................................................... 33
第四章 柔性生产线排产系统设计与实现 .................................................................. 35
4.1 需求分析 ......................................................................................................... 35
4.2 系统架构 ......................................................................................................... 35
4.3 系统工作流程 ................................................................................................. 36
4.4 系统模块设计与实现 ..................................................................................... 37
4.4.1 数据库 .................................................................................................. 37
4.4.2 排产算法功能模块 .............................................................................. 39
4.4.3 NC 指令 ................................................................................................. 49
4.4.4 交互界面 .............................................................................................. 52
4.5 系统测试与验证 ............................................................................................. 54
4.6 系统应用情况介绍 ......................................................................................... 57
4.7 本章小结 ......................................................................................................... 58
第五章 总结与展望 ...................................................................................................... 59
5.1 总结 ................................................................................................................. 59
5.2 后续工作展望 ................................................................................................. 60
致 谢 ............................................................................................................................ 61
参考文献 ........................................................................................................................ 62
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