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瑞信-美股-医疗保健行业-医疗管理展望:期待稳健的财务业绩,但政治噪音仍将持续-16-28页.pdf
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瑞信-美股-医疗保健行业-医疗管理展望:期待稳健的财务业绩,但政治噪音仍将持续-16-28页.pdf
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Hospital Management
2020 Outlook: Expecting Solid Financial
Results, but Political Noise will Continue
Healthcare Facilities | Sector Forecast
Utilization and Pricing. In 2020, we expect a modest deceleration in hospital vols
compared with the 3.2% 2019 YTD growth in adj admissions, but we do not expect to see
vols to soften in a significant way. Capital deployment (expansion projects) should continue
to benefit HCA and UHS, while rationalized portfolios, and the momentum behind
operational improvement initiatives should continue to benefit THC and CYH. An extra day
in 1Q19 due to leap year should also be helpful to hospital vols. On pricing, we expect the
hospital companies to see a normal level of growth in net revenue per adjusted admission in
the 2-3% range, though it could skew higher in the range than the 2.2% YTD in 2019. The
Medicare FFS rate updates for 2020 look better than 2019, and we see consistent trends
in the area of commercial reimbursement (including actual rate updates, terms, denials, etc.).
HCA Remains Our Top Pick Amongst Providers. As the highest quality hospital
company with consistent execution, a deep management bench, high market share in
growing urban markets, and continued investment in expansion activity, we expect HCA to
outperform the broad market in 2019. HCA shares advanced 18.8% during 2019, in-line
with the healthcare sector (HCX, +18.7%) but below the S&P 500 (+28.9%). The
company trades at a multiple of 8.3x 2020 EBITDA (in-line with the group average) and
12.8x 2020 EPS. Our current estimate for EBITDA growth is 6.0%. On HCA’s 3Q19
earnings call, management said it expects growth slightly above that level in 2020
(excluding any unannounced acquisitions), providing an opportunity for modest upside to
estimates. Our 12 month price target assumes the shares will trade at 8.5x 2021 EBITDA,
a 60 bps EV/EBITDA multiple point increase over current levels.
UHS and THC Also Rated Outperform. UHS’ Acute business is benefiting from recent
capital deployment and its concentration in fast-growing markets like Las Vegas and
Southern California. While UHS’ Behavioral business has seen modest low single digit
growth in recent years, the company has hired a new Division President who expects to
offer specific plans for operational improvement in mid-2020. UHS has very modest
leverage, creating an opportunity for sizeable capital deployment or incremental share
repurchases. Our current estimate for EBITDA growth is 4.5% (6.5% in Acute and 2.5% in
Behavioral), an acceleration over 2019 EBITDA growth of 1.8% (4.6% in Acute and 1.7%
in Behavioral). While our Acute segment est for 2020 is a meaningful acceleration over
2019, UHS should have relatively easy EBITDA comps in 1Q19 and 3Q19. Also, by way of
background, UHS is on track to post 7.8% rev growth in its Acute segment for 2019, but
struggled to maintain margin. For THC, the hospital business has posted steady operational
improvement over the past couple of years, and the Ambulatory business continues to be
the company’s crown jewel. We are modeling 2020 consolidated rev growth of 3.0% and
consolidated EBITDA growth of 4.3%, which could prove conservative.
Updating HCA and THC Target Price and Estimates. Our HCA target price is now
$169 (previously $165), while our THC target price is now $43 (previously $36). Risks to
our ratings and target prices for all hospital companies include volume and pricing trends.
6 January 2020
Equity Research
Americas | United States
DISCLOSURE APPENDIX AT THE BACK OF THIS REPORT CONTAINS IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES, ANALYST CERTIFICATIONS,
LEGAL ENTITY DISCLOSURE AND THE STATUS OF NON-US ANALYSTS. US Disclosure: Credit Suisse does and seeks to do business
with companies covered in its research reports. As a result, investors should be aware that the Firm may have a conflict of interest that could
affect the objectivity of this report. Investors should consider this report as only a single factor in making their investment decision.
Research Analysts
A.J. Rice
212 325 8134
aj.rice@credit-suisse.com
Caleb Harris, CPA
212 325 7458
caleb.harris@credit-suisse.com
Eduardo Ron
212 325 7491
eduardo.ron@credit-suisse.com
Alexander Khan
212 325 7714
alexander.khan@credit-suisse.com
6 January 2020
Hospital Management
2
Table of Contents
A Review of 2019 3
2019 Events ................................................................................................................. 3
2019 Price Performance ................................................................................................ 4
Hospital Group Valuations 7
2020 Outlook 9
CS Estimates vs. Consensus .......................................................................................... 9
Growth Estimates by Company ....................................................................................... 9
Volumes ...................................................................................................................... 10
Pricing ........................................................................................................................ 11
Labor Environment and Cost Structure .......................................................................... 12
Political and Legal Backdrop ......................................................................................... 13
2020 Election Cycle 13
Texas v. United States 13
Price Transparency 13
Surprise Billing 13
Medicaid Supplemental Payments Proposal 14
Company-by-Company Summary .................................................................................. 14
HCA Healthcare (HCA) – Remains Our Top Pick 14
Universal Health Services (UHS) – Outperform 15
Tenet Healthcare (THC) – Outperform 16
Community Health Systems (CYH) – Underperform 18
HCA Healthcare 19
Tenet Healthcare Corporation 21
6 January 2020
Hospital Management
3
A Review of 2019
2019 Events
During December 2018, a federal judge in Texas ruled that the ACA was unconstitutional. The
ruling was promptly appealed and had no immediate impact on healthcare providers. In terms of
stock performance, on the first trading day after the ruling (December 17
th
), HCA shares
declined 2.8% and UHS shares declined 2.2%, which was broadly in line with the S&P 500
decline of 2.1% that day. HCA and UHS continued generally to track the overall market for the
rest of December 2018, while the levered names (CYH and THC) underperformed the broad
market.
On February 1
st
, HCA closed its sizeable Mission Health acquisition (based in North Carolina).
HCA expects this deal to showcase the value that HCA can bring to a health system and the
community around that system.
Medicare-for-All discussions on the part of the Democratic Presidential candidates exerted
pressure on hospital shares in late February and in March, particularly as some polls showed
Senator Bernie Sanders leading the Democratic field. However, 4Q18 earnings reports showed
generally positive trends for the hospital companies with all four covered companies beating
EBITDA estimates. Initial guidance for 2019 was also in-line or ahead of consensus
expectations for all four covered companies.
In late March, news flow heavily concentrated on healthcare policy, political rhetoric and even a
pair of legal setbacks for the Trump Administration. The White House shifted its legal position in
the ACA case (Texas v. United States) from neutrality to arguing that the entire health reform
package should be ruled unconstitutional. Two court rulings went against the Trump
Administration, with one court striking down Medicaid work requirements for Arkansas and
Kentucky, and another judge striking down Association Health Plans.
In early April, UNH’s comments on its Q1 conference call related to Medicare-for-All added to
investor concern that the chances of a single payer program being implemented was greater
than previously thought.
On April 23
rd
, just ahead of the start of hospital earnings season, CMS released its Medicare
inpatient reimbursement rate proposal for federal fiscal year 2020. The proposed rate increase
was better than expected and included wage index changes that were geared towards
improving reimbursement for some rural hospitals.
On April 25
th
, former Vice President Joe Biden formally entered the Democratic Presidential
nomination race, immediately being elevated to front-runner status, and his more moderate
stance on healthcare reform had the effect of easing concerns in the financial community over
M4A.
In late April and early May, hospitals reported 1Q19 earnings results. Q1 results were
somewhat mixed. HCA had a very strong quarter with double digit core growth and strong
contribution from recent acquisitions. THC beat modestly, while UHS and CYH both missed
consensus expectations for EBITDA. UHS saw weak pricing on an unfavorable procedure mix.
During late May and early June, healthcare provider stocks were weak as the Senate HELP
committee considered a bipartisan healthcare bill that covered surprise billing, prescription drug
costs, price transparency, and more. Later in June, President Trump signed an executive order
on price transparency that kept the ball moving on that topic but left many details to be filled in
later.
On June 26
th
, Democratic presidential primary debates kicked off. In early July, polls showed
former VP Joe Biden’s lead slipping in the Democratic race, which was generally viewed as
increasing the likelihood of M4A and being negative for the hospital space. In late August, a
Monmouth poll showed Joe Biden losing his lead among 2020 Democratic contenders to
Senator Elizabeth Warren which hurt share prices of MCOs.
6 January 2020
Hospital Management
4
On July 24
th
, Conifer announced that it would pursue a spin-off of its Conifer business (revenue
cycle management). The spin-off is expected to be completed by the second quarter of 2021.
On July 29
th
, CMS released a solid proposed update to Medicare outpatient reimbursement.
However, CMS also used that proposed rule to formally propose price transparency
requirements that would follow President Trump’s executive order. The price transparency
proposals included a requirement for hospitals to disclose privately negotiated commercial
reimbursement rates, which was strongly opposed by both payers and providers.
Hospitals reported 2Q19 earnings in late July and early August. Earnings were mixed again,
with UHS, THC, and CYH beating consensus EBITDA expectations and HCA missing
consensus expectations. While HCA did not miss the published consensus number by a wide
margin, investors had generally expected the company to beat the consensus figure. HCA saw
an unfavorable procedure mix in Q2. UHS, on the other hand, saw a more normalized
procedure mix in Q2.
In late October and early November, hospitals reported 3Q19 earnings results. HCA and THC
beat consensus EBITDA expectations, while CYH missed slightly. UHS missed expectations
and lowered full year guidance. The Q3 miss for UHS was primarily due to high operating
expenses in the acute segment as the company’s very strong revenue growth (SS adjusted
admissions growth of 7.4%) exceeded expectations and required expensive resource utilization
such as agency labor. HCA noted on its Q3 earnings call that it expected to achieve at least 6%
total EBITDA growth in 2020, including 5-6% core growth.
On November 1
st
, Senator Warren released her plan to fund Medicare-for-All, which seemed to
leave the impression among investors that funding needs for the proposal were so vast that the
legislation was unlikely to move forward even if Senator Warren were to become the next
President. In mid-November, Senator Warren suggested that she would not pursue Medicare-
for-All until the third year of her administration, which many interpreted to mean that M4A would
not be a top priority in a Warren presidency.
On November 6
th
, we upgraded our rating of THC shares to Outperform given the company’s
improving hospital business trends, strong positioning in the ASC business (USPI), and the
simplification and clarity that will be produced by spinning off the Conifer business. THC also
refinanced debt so that it has no debt maturities until 2022.
On November 15
th
, the Trump administration also finalized price transparency rules for hospitals
and insurers. The hospital and health insurance industries have remained opposed to the
regulations as proposed by the Trump Administration and are pursuing legal action.
On December 16
th
, appropriators released federal spending bills. The legislation did not include
some healthcare policies that caused concerns earlier in 2019 (i.e., surprise billing, drug pricing,
price transparency, PBM provisions). The legislation did include a delay of Medicaid DSH cuts
until May 23, 2020, which was a modest positive for the hospital group.
On December 18
th
, the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals released its ruling on the ACA case
(Texas v. United States), saying that the individual mandate is unconstitutional but that
additional analysis must be performed to determine which components of the law are severable
from the individual mandate and which components are not severable.
2019 Price Performance
The composite for hospital stocks in our coverage increased by 41.6% during 2019, which
outperformed the broader market (as measured by the S&P 500) increase of 28.9%. The
hospital average also beat the overall healthcare sector (as measured by HCX) increase of
18.7%. The strong hospital group performance was driven by THC (+121.9%). UHS shares
(+23.1%) and HCA shares (+18.8%) also performed well during 2019. CYH shares advanced
2.8% during the year.
6 January 2020
Hospital Management
5
Figure 1: Price Performance for Hospitals
Source: FactSet, Credit Suisse
(a) HCA was taken private in 2006 and came public in March 2011; (b) HMA was acquired by CYH on January 27, 2014; (c) LPNT merged by RCCH Partners on
November 16, 2018; (d) QHC's 2016 return is based on April 29 close price of $13.50 per share; (e) VHS was acquired by THC on October 1, 2013; (f) Triad was
acquired by CYH in 2007.
Figure 2: Covered Hospitals vs. S&P 500 Price Performance
Source: FactSet, Credit Suisse
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
CYH 0.9% -60.4% 144.2% 5.0% -53.3% 76.2% 27.7% 37.3% -50.8% -74.4% -23.8% -33.8% 2.8%
HCA
a
N/A N/A N/A N/A -26.6% 36.9% 58.1% 53.8% -7.8% 9.4% 18.7% 41.7% 18.8%
HMA
b
-71.7% -70.1% 306.1% 31.2% -22.7% 26.5% 40.6% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
LPNT
c
-11.8% -23.2% 42.4% 13.0% 1.1% 1.6% 40.0% 36.1% 2.1% -22.6% -12.3% 30.5% N/A
QHC
d
N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A -46.1% -14.2% -53.7% -66.9%
THC -27.1% -77.4% 368.7% 24.1% -23.3% 58.2% 29.7% 20.3% -40.2% -51.0% 2.2% 13.1% 121.9%
UHS -7.6% -26.6% 62.4% 42.4% -10.5% 24.4% 68.1% 36.9% 7.4% -11.0% 6.6% 2.8% 23.1%
VHS
e
N/A N/A N/A N/A -43.2% 19.9% 71.5% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Triad
f
28.8% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Avg -14.7% -51.5% 184.8% 23.1% -25.5% 34.8% 48.0% 36.9% -17.9% -32.6% -3.8% 0.1% 19.9%
Avg ex-QHC -14.7% -51.5% 184.8% 23.1% -25.5% 34.8% 48.0% 36.9% -17.9% -29.9% -1.7% 10.9% 41.6%
S&P 500 3.5% -38.5% 23.5% 12.8% -0.0% 13.4% 29.6% 11.4% -0.7% 9.5% 19.4% -6.2% 28.9%
HCX 190.6% -24.5% 17.1% 0.7% 10.2% 15.2% 38.7% 23.3% 5.2% -4.4% 20.0% 4.7% 18.7%
(10.0%)
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
Hospital Avg. S&P 500
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