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【TI-BQ2050H】是一款专为锂离子电池设计的电源电量计集成电路，旨在为电池包或系统内安装提供精确的剩余电量记录。该芯片的核心功能是通过监测串联在电池负极与地之间感测电阻上的电压降来判断电池的充放电状态。通过对电池温度、自放电和放电速率进行补偿，电量计能够提供广泛运行条件下的可用容量信息。 TI-BQ2050H的关键特性包括： 1. **高精度电池容量测量**：针对锂离子电池提供精确的剩余电量测量。 2. **紧凑型设计**：整个电路可以集成在仅12平方英寸的PCB板上，降低了系统成本和空间需求。 3. **低功耗**：正常工作电流仅为120μA，数据保持电流小于100nA，提高了能效。 4. **高速单线通信接口**：采用5kb的HDQ总线接口，能快速传输关键电池参数，支持高速双向串行链接。 5. **充电FET监控与控制**：监控并控制锂离子电池保护电路中的充电FET，确保电池安全。 6. **剩余电量LED驱动**：直接驱动五段式LED显示器，以图形方式显示电池剩余容量。 7. **自动温度补偿**：根据电池温度自动校准电量，确保在不同环境温度下测量结果准确。 8. **自学习功能**：电池容量在满电至空电的放电周期中自动重校准。此外，TI-BQ2050H还具备一个简单的单线双向串行链接，与外部处理器（共地）通信。5kb的HDQ总线接口减少了外部微控制器的通信开销。内部寄存器包含可用容量、温度、标度可用能量、电池ID、电池状态以及锂离子充电FET状态。外部处理器还可以覆盖部分TI-BQ2050H电量计的数据寄存器。在操作上，TI-BQ2050H可以从电池包内的电池获取电源。其REF输出和外部晶体管使得构建简单、低成本的电压调节器成为可能，从而从电池中为电路供电。这款芯片在锂离子电池管理系统中扮演着重要角色，它提供了全面的电池监控和管理功能，确保了设备的可靠运行和电池寿命的优化。适用于各种需要精确电池容量监控的便携式设备，如智能手机、笔记本电脑、电动工具等。

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Features

➤ Accurate measurement of avail-

able capacity in Lithium Ion bat-

teries

➤ Provides a low-cost battery man-

agement solution for pack

integration

Complete circuit can fit in as

little as

square inch of PCB

Low operating current (120µA

typical)

Less than 100nA of data

retention current

➤ High-speed (5kb) single-wire

communication interface (HDQ

bus) for critical battery

parameters

➤ Monitors and controls charge FET

in Li-Ion pack protection circuit

➤ Direct drive of remaining capacity

LEDs

➤ Measurements automatically

compensated for rate and

temperature

➤ 16-pin narrow SOIC

General Description

The bq2050H Lithium Ion Power

Gauge™ IC is intended for battery-

pack or in-system installation to

maintain an accurate record of

available battery capacity. The IC

monitors a voltage drop across a

sense resistor connected in series

between the negative battery termi-

nal and ground to determine

charge and discharge activity of

the battery. Compensations for bat-

tery temperature, self discharge,

and rate of discharge are applied to

the charge counter to provide avail-

able capacity information across a

wide range of operating conditions.

Battery capacity is automatically re-

calibrated, or “learned,” in the

course of a discharge cycle from full

to empty.

Nominal available capacity may be

directly indicated using a five-

segment LED display. These seg-

ments are used to graphically indi-

cate available capacity. The

bq2050H also supports a simple

single-line bidirectional serial link

to an external processor (common

ground). The 5kb HDQ bus interface

reduces communications overhead

in the external microcontroller.

Internal registers include available

capacity, temperature, scaled avail-

able energy, battery ID, battery

status, and Li-Ion charge FET

status. The external processor may

also overwrite some of the bq2050H

power gauge data registers.

The bq2050H can operate from the

batteries in the pack. The REF out-

put and an external transistor allow

a simple, inexpensive voltage regu-

lator to supply power to the circuit

from the cells.

bq2050H

LCOM LED common output

SEG

/PROG

LED segment 1/

program 1 input

SEG

/PROG

LED segment 2/

program 2 input

SEG

/PROG

LED segment 3/

program 3 input

SEG

/PROG

LED segment 4/

program 4 input

SEG

/PROG

LED segment 5/

program 5 input

CFC Charge FET control

output

PN2050H1.eps

16-Pin Narrow SOIC

REF

PSTAT

HDQ

RBI

DISP

LCOM

SEG

/PROG

SEG

/PROG

SEG

/PROG

SEG

/PROG

SEG

/PROG

CFC

System ground

SR Sense resistor input

DISP

Display control input

SB Battery sense input

RBI Register backup input

HDQ Serial communications

input/output

PSTAT Protector status input

REF Voltage reference output

Supply voltage

Pin Connections

SLUS150–MAY 1999 D

Low-Cost Lithium Ion Power Gauge™ IC

Pin Names

Pin Descriptions

LCOM

LED common output

This open-drain output switches V

source current for the LEDs. The switch is

off during initialization to allow reading of

the soft pull-up or pull-down program resis-

tors. LCOM is also high impedance when the

display is off.

SEG

–

SEG

LED display segment outputs (dual func-

tion with PROG

–PROG

)

Each output may activate an LED to sink

the current sourced from LCOM.

PROG

–

PROG

Programmed full count selection inputs

(dual function with SEG

–SEG

)

These three-level input pins define the pro-

grammed full count (PFC) thresholds de-

scribed in Table 2.

PROG

–

PROG

Power gauge scale selection inputs (dual

function with SEG

–SEG

)

These three-level input pins define the scale

factor described in Table 2.

PROG

Self-discharge rate selection (dual func-

tion with SEG

)

This three-level input pin defines the

self-discharge and battery compensation fac-

tors as shown in Table 1.

CFC

Charge FET control output

This pin can be used as an additional control

to the charge FET of the Li-Ion pack protec-

tion circuitry.

Ground

Sense resistor input

The voltage drop (V

) across the sense re-

sistor R

is monitored and integrated over

time to interpret charge and discharge activ-

ity. The SR input is tied between the nega-

tive terminal of the battery and the sense re-

sistor. V

indicates discharge, and

indicates charge. The effective

voltage drop, V

SRO

, as seen by the bq2050H

is V

DISP

Display control input

DISP

high disables the LED display. DISP

tied to V

allows PROG

to connect di-

rectly to V

or V

instead of through a

pull-up or pull-down resistor. DISP

floating

allows the LED display to be active during

charge. DISP

low activates the display. See

Table 1.

Secondary battery input

This input monitors the battery cell voltage

potential through a high-impedance resis-

tive divider network for end-of-discharge

voltage (EDV) thresholds and battery-removed

detection.

RBI

This pin is used to provide backup potential to

the bq2050H registers during periods when

≤

3V. A storage capacitor or a battery

can be connected to RBI.

HDQ

Serial communication input/output

This is the open-drain bidirectional commu-

nications port.

PSTAT

Protector status input

This input provides overvoltage status from

the Li-Ion protector circuit. It should con-

nect to V

when not used.

REF

Voltage reference output for regulator

REF provides a voltage reference output for

an optional micro-regulator.

Supply voltage input

bq2050H

Voltage Thresholds

In conjunction with monitoring V

for charge/discharge

currents, the bq2050H monitors the battery potential

through the SB pin. The voltage is determined through

a resistor-divider network per the following equation:

RB1

RB2

4N=−1

where N is the number of cells, RB1 is connected to the

positive battery terminal, and RB2 is connected to the

negative battery terminal. The single-cell battery volt-

age is monitored for the end-of-discharge voltage (EDV)

thresholds. The EDV threshold levels are used to deter-

mine when the battery has reached an “empty” state.

The EDV thresholds for the bq2050H are programmable

with the default values fixed at:

EDV1 (first) = 0.76V

EDVF (final) = EDV1-0.025V = 0.735V

If V

is below either of the two EDV thresholds, the as-

sociated flag is latched and remains latched, independ-

ent of V

, until the next valid charge. The V

value is

also available over the serial port.

During discharge and charge, the bq2050H monitors

for various thresholds used to compensate the

charge counter. EDV monitoring is disabled if the dis-

charge rate is greater than 2C (OVLD Flag = 1) and re-

sumes

second after the rate falls below 2C.

RBI Input

The RBI input pin is intended to be used with a storage

capacitor or external supply to provide backup potential

to the internal bq2050H registers when V

drops below

3.0V. V

is output on RBI when V

is above 3.0V. If us-

ing an external supply (such as the bottom series cell) as

the backup source, an external diode is required for isola-

tion.

Reset

The bq2050H can be reset by removing V

and ground-

ing the RBI pin for 15 seconds or by commands over the

serial port. The serial port reset command sequence re-

quires writing 00h to register PPFC (address = 1Eh) and

then writing 00h to register LMD (address = 05h).

Temperature

The bq2050H internally determines the temperature in

10°C steps centered from approximately -35°C to +85°C.

The temperature steps are used to adapt charge and dis

charge rate compensations, self-discharge counting, and

available charge display translation. The temperature

range is available over the serial port in 10°C incre

ments as shown in the following table:

Layout Considerations

The bq2050H measures the voltage differential between

the SR and V

pins. V

(the offset voltage at the SR

pin) is greatly affected by PC board layout. For optimal

results, the PC board layout should follow the strict rule

of a single-point ground return. Sharing high-current

ground with small signal ground causes undesirable

noise on the small signal nodes. Additionally:

■

The capacitors (C1 and C2) should be placed as

close as possible to the V

and SB pins,

respectively, and their paths to V

should be as

short as possible. A high-quality ceramic capacitor

of 0.1

F is recommended for V

■

The sense-resistor capacitor should be placed as close

as possible to the SR pin.

■

The sense resistor (R

) should be as close as possible to

the bq2050H.

bq2050H

TMP (hex) Temperature Range

0x < -30°C

1x -30°C to -20°C

2x -20°C to -10°C

3x -10°C to 0°C

4x 0°C to 10°C

5x 10°C to 20°C

6x 20°C to 30°C

7x 30°C to 40°C

8x 40°C to 50°C

9x 50°C to 60°C

Ax 60°C to 70°C

Bx 70°C to 80°C

Cx > 80°C

Gas Gauge Operation

The operational overview diagram in Figure 2 illustrates

the operation of the bq2050H. The bq2050H accumu-

lates a measure of charge and discharge currents, as

well as an estimation of self-discharge. The accumu-

lated charge and discharge currents are adjusted for

temperature and rate to provide the indication of com-

pensated available capacity to the host system or user.

The main counter, Nominal Available Capacity (NAC),

represents the available battery capacity at any given

time. Battery charging increments the NAC register,

while battery discharging and self-discharge decrement

the NAC register and increment the DCR (Discharge

Count Register).

The Discharge Count Register is used to update the Last

Measured Discharge (LMD) register only if a complete

battery discharge from full to empty occurs without any

partial battery charges. Therefore, the bq2050H adapts

its capacity determination based on the actual condi-

tions of discharge.

The battery's initial capacity equals the Programmed

Full Count (PFC) shown in Table 2. Until LMD is up

dated, NAC counts up to but not beyond this threshold

during subsequent charges. This approach allows the

gas gauge to be charger-independent and compatible

with any type of charge regime.

1. Last Measured Discharge (LMD) or learned

battery capacity:

LMD is the last measured discharge capacity of the

battery. On initialization (application of V

or bat-

tery replacement), LMD = PFC. During subsequent

discharges, the LMD is updated with the latest

measured capacity in the Discharge Count Register

representing a discharge from full to below EDV1.

A qualified discharge is necessary for a capacity

transfer from the DCR to the LMD register. The

LMD also serves as the 100% reference threshold

used by the relative display mode.

bq2050H

FG2050H2.eps

Temperature

Compensation

Charge

Current

Discharge

Current

Self-Discharge

Timer

Nominal

Available

Charge

(NAC)

Last

Measured

Discharged

(LMD)

Discharge

Count

(DCR)

Qualified

Transfer

Rate and

Temperature

Compensation

Temperature

Compensation

Temperature Step,

Other Data

Inputs

Main Counters

and Capacity

Reference (LMD)

Outputs

Serial

Port

Compensated

Available Charge

LED Display, etc.

Rate and

Temperature

Compensation

Figure 2. Operational Overview

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