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工业机器人及其系统组成—外文翻译.doc
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工业机器人及其系统组成—外文翻译.doc
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英文原文
Industrial Robot and its system’s components
There are a variety of definitions of the term robot. Depending on the
definition used, the number of robot installations worldwide varies widely.
Numerous single purpose muchines are used in manufacturing plants that might appear
to be robots. These machines are hardwired to perform a single function and can
not be reprogrammed to perform a different function. Such single-purpose machines
do not fit the definition for industrial robots that is becoming widely accepted.
This definition was developed by the robot Institute ofAmerica:
A robot is a reprogrammable muhifunctional manipulator designed to move
material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable progranmled
motions for the perfommnce of a variety of tasks.
Note that this definition cxmtalns the words reprograrnmable and
multifunctional. It is these two characteristics that separate the true industrial
robot from the various single-purpose machines used in modern manufacturing firms.
The term"reprogrammable"implies two things:The robot operates aec~)rding to a
written program, and this program can be rewritten to acconlmodatc a variety of
manufacturing tasks.
The term"multifunctional"means that the robot can, through reprogramming and
the use of different cnd-effectors, perform a number of different manufacturing
tasks. Definitions written around these two critical characteristics are becoming
the accepted definitions among manufacturing professionals.
The fimt articulated arm came about in 1951 and was used by the U.S. Atomic
Energy Commission. In 1954, the first programmable robot was designed by George
Devol. It was based on two important technologies:
(1) Numerical control (NC) technology.
(2) Remote manipulation technology.
Numerical control technology provided a foma of machine control ideally suited
to robots.It allowed for the control of motion by stored programs. These programs
contain data points to which the robot sequentially moves, timing signals to
initiate action and to stop movement, and logic statements to allow for decision
rfmking.
Remote manipulation technology allowed a machine to be more than just another NC
machine. It allowed such machines to become robots that can perfoml a variety of
manufactuing tasks in both inaccessible an unsafe environmonts. By mering these
two technologies, Devol developed the first industrial robot, an unsophistieated
programmable materials handling machine.
The first conunercially produced robot was developed in 1959. In 1962, the
first industrial robot to be used oil a production llne was installed by General
Motors Corporation. This robot was produced by Unimation. A major step forward
in robot control occurred in 1973 with the development of the T-3 industrial robot
by Cincinnati Milaeron. The T-3 robot was the first commercially produced
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