EUROPEAN NEW CAR ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME
(Euro NCAP)
TEST PROTOCOL – AEB/LSS VRU systems
Version 4.0.0
June 2021
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EUROPEAN NEW CAR ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME (Euro NCAP)
TEST PROTOCOL – AEB VRU SYSTEMS
Table of Contents
1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1
2 DEFINITIONS ........................................................................................................................ 2
3 REFERENCE SYSTEM .......................................................................................................... 5
3.1 Convention ................................................................................................................................... 5
3.2 Lateral Path Error....................................................................................................................... 6
3.3 Profiles for impact speed determination.................................................................................... 7
4 MEASURING EQUIPMENT.................................................................................................. 9
4.2 Measurements and Variables ..................................................................................................... 9
4.3 Measuring Equipment ............................................................................................................... 10
4.4 Data Filtering ............................................................................................................................. 10
5 EURO NCAP VRU TARGETS ............................................................................................. 11
5.1 Specification ............................................................................................................................... 11
6 TEST CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................. 12
6.1 Test Track .................................................................................................................................. 12
6.2 Weather Conditions ................................................................................................................... 13
6.3 Surroundings .............................................................................................................................. 13
6.4 VUT Preparation ....................................................................................................................... 14
7 TEST PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................. 16
7.1 VUT Pre-test Conditioning ....................................................................................................... 16
7.2 Test Scenarios ............................................................................................................................ 17
7.3 Test Conduct .............................................................................................................................. 37
7.4 Test Execution ............................................................................................................................ 38
ANNEX A OBSTRUCTION DIMENSIONS .......................................................................... 41
ANNEX B TESTING AT LOW AMBIENT LIGHTING CONDITIONS ............................. 42
ANNEX C BRAKE APPLICATION PROCEDURE .............................................................. 60
Version 4.0.0
June 2021
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1 INTRODUCTION
Accidents between cars and vulnerable road users are one of the most frequent
accidents happening on the roads due to driver distraction or misjudgement.
Typical accidents between cars and vulnerable road users occur at city speeds where
pedestrians and cyclists cross the path of the vehicle. These types of accidents usually
coincide with severe injuries and leave the driver with very little reaction time to apply
the brakes.
To support the driver in avoiding when possible or mitigating such crashes, car
manufactures offer avoidance technology that reacts to the situation by autonomous
braking and at higher speeds may issue warnings to alert the driver. Systems that
specifically look for and react to vulnerable road users like pedestrians, cyclists and
motorcyclists are called AEB/LSS VRU systems.
This protocol specifies the AEB/LSS VRU test procedure for Car-to-Pedestrian, Car-
to-Bicyclist and Car-to-Motorcyclist scenarios, which are part of Vulnerable Road User
protection.
Note:
Active Safety scoring in VRU is conditional to the total points achieved in subsystem
tests, i.e. the sum of pedestrian Headform, Upper Legform & Lower Legform scores.
If the subsystem total test score is lower than 18 points, no points are available for
AEB/LSS VRU, regardless whether the system is fitted and would achieve a good
score.
Version 4.0.0
June 2021
2
2 DEFINITIONS
Throughout this protocol the following terms are used:
Peak Braking Coefficient (PBC) – the measure of tyre to road surface friction based
on the maximum deceleration of a rolling tyre, measured using the American Society
for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E1136-10 (2010) standard reference test tyre, in
accordance with ASTM Method E 1337-90 (reapproved 1996), at a speed of 64.4km/h,
without water delivery. Alternatively, the method as specified in UNECE R13-H.
Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) – braking that is applied automatically by
the vehicle in response to the detection of a likely collision to reduce the vehicle speed
and potentially avoid the collision.
Forward Collision Warning (FCW) – an audiovisual warning that is provided
automatically by the vehicle in response to the detection of a likely collision to alert
the driver.
Autonomous Emergency Steering (AES) – steering that is applied automatically by
the vehicle in response to the detection of a likely collision to steer the vehicle and
potentially avoid the collision.
Emergency Steering Support (ESS) – a system that supports the driver steering input
in response to the detection of a likely collision to alter the vehicle path and potentially
avoid a collision.
Vehicle width – the widest point of the vehicle ignoring the rear-view mirrors, side
marker lamps, tyre pressure indicators, direction indicator lamps, position lamps,
flexible mud-guards and the deflected part of the tyre side-walls immediately above the
point of contact with the ground.
Car-to-Pedestrian – a collision between a vehicle and an adult or child pedestrian in
its path, when no braking and/or steering action is applied.
Car-to-Bicyclist – a collision between a vehicle and an adult bicyclist in its path, when
no braking and/or steering is applied.
Car-to-Bicyclist Dooring Adult (CBDA) – a collision between the vehicle’s door and
a bicyclist traveling alongside the parked vehicle.
Car-to-Motorcyclist – a collision between a vehicle and a Motorcyclist in its path,
when no braking and/or steering is applied.
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