没有合适的资源?快使用搜索试试~ 我知道了~
资源推荐
资源详情
资源评论
摘要
I
摘 要
动力电池再生制动能量回收过程中存在过充过放,影响动力电池使用寿命,
且存在能量回收率低、维修和更换成本高等问题。针对这些问题,对超级电容和
动力电池组成的复合电源拓扑结构进行改进,承担过充过放的极限功率,保护电
池。基于复合电源再生制动能量回收系统进行技术研究,提高能量回收率。主要
工作如下:
(1)以串并联可变式复合电源结构为研究对象,对各部分特性分析并匹配
选型,确定其电路电流流经,改善工作模式。基于该结构建立再生制动能量回收
模型,提出目标电流恒值控制的再生制动能量回收的技术方法,并对其优化。当
输出不同占空比时,再生制动强度不同,此开环控制方法简单,且制动电流会随
占空比减小而下降;基于 PID 对超级电容负载电流恒值闭环控制,依据车速和超
级电容负载电压输出变化的占空比,且制动电流不变。在 MATLAB/Simulink 平台
仿真分析控制策略结果,并验证技术方法的可行性。
(2)基于 STM32 对控制器硬件和软件进行设计,针对不同再生制动强度,
输出不同占空比,初速度为 45km/h 开始减速,控制器根据制动踏板位置传感器信
号和速度信号切换复合电源工作模式,在不同的再生制动强度下,车辆运行减速
度也是不同的,制动是有效果的。在对不同目标电流恒定值控制的再生制动能量
回收试验中,占空比是变化的,目标电流越大,能量回收率越大,最大可达
51.6%。通过试验验证优化控制策略明显。
(3)搭建试验平台,加装辅助电源超级电容和二极管,晶体管和整流器等
无源元件,通过再生制动能量回收控制器控制,对超级电容充放电特性和再生制
动能量回收电压、整流器晶闸管、二极管等加装元件进行性能测试,保证顺利完
成再生制动能量回收。之后进行驱动试验,通过超级电容辅助供电和电池单独供
电在不同驱动电压下,电机控制器控制电机在加速到同一车速所用时间进行对比,
实验结果表明:驱动电压越大加速时间越短,超级电容辅助供电和电池单独供电
切换点明显,超级电容电量耗尽后也没有损耗电池电量。
研究表明:改进的串并联结构可变复合电源保护电池,较充分发挥超级电容
的优势,结构合理,控制简单,控制策略优化效果明显,能量回收率提高;驱动
时使加速时间有明显的改善,而且辅助电源超级电容对主电源没有损耗,回收能
量充分利用。
关键词:复合电源,超级电容,再生制动,控制策略,能量回收
Abstract
III
Abstract
During the process of regenerative braking energy recovery of power batteries, there
are overcharging and discharging, which affects the service life of the power batteries,
and there are problems such as low energy recovery rate, high maintenance and
replacement costs. In response to these issues, the topology structure of the composite
power supply composed of supercapacitors and power batteries is improved to bear the
ultimate power of overcharging and discharging, and to protect the battery. Conduct
technical research on the regenerative braking energy recovery system based on
composite power sources to improve the energy recovery rate. The main tasks are as
follows:
(1) Taking the series parallel variable composite power supply structure as the
research object, analyze and match the characteristics of each part, determine the circuit
current flow,and improve the working mode. Establish a regenerative braking energy
recovery model based on this structure, propose a technical method for regenerative
braking energy recovery with target current constant value control, and optimize it. When
different duty cycles are output, the regenerative braking intensity is different. This open-
loop control method is simple, and the braking current will decrease as the duty cycle
decreases; Based on PID, the closed-loop control of the constant current of the
supercapacitor load is carried out, with the duty cycle changing according to the vehicle
speed and supercapacitor load voltage output, and the braking current remains unchanged.
Simulate and analyze the control strategy results on the MATLAB/Simulink platform,
and verify the feasibility of the technical methods.
(2) Based on STM32, the hardware and software of the controller are designed to
output different duty cycles for different regenerative braking intensities. The initial speed
is 45km/h and the controller begins to decelerate. The controller switches the composite
power supply working mode according to the brake pedal position sensor signal and speed
signal. Under different regenerative braking intensities, the deceleration of vehicle
operation is also different, and braking is effective. In regenerative braking energy
recovery tests with constant control of different target currents, the duty cycle is variable,
and the larger the target current, the greater the energy recovery rate, reaching a maximum
of 51.6%. The optimization control strategy is evident through experimental verification.
盐城工学院硕士学位论文
IV
(3) Build a testing platform, install passive components such as auxiliary power
supercapacitors and diodes, transistors and rectifiers, and control them through
regenerative braking energy recovery controllers. Conduct performance tests on the
charging and discharging characteristics of supercapacitors, regenerative braking energy
recovery voltage, rectifier thyristors, diodes, and other additional components to ensure
the smooth completion of regenerative braking energy recovery. Afterwards, a driving
test was conducted to compare the time taken by the motor controller to control the motor
to accelerate to the same vehicle speed under different driving voltages, using
supercapacitor assisted power supply and battery independent power supply. The
experimental results showed that the larger the driving voltage, the shorter the
acceleration time, and the more obvious the switching point between supercapacitor
assisted power supply and battery independent power supply. After the supercapacitor
was depleted, there was no loss of battery power.
Research has shown that the improved series parallel structure variable composite
power supply protection battery fully utilizes the advantages of supercapacitors, has a
reasonable structure, simple control, obvious optimization effect of control strategy, and
improved energy recovery rate; When driving, the acceleration time is significantly
improved, and the auxiliary power supply supercapacitor has no loss on the main power
supply, fully utilizing the recovered energy.
Key Words: variable series-parallel structure, composite power supply, super
capacitor, regenerative braking
目 录
1 绪论 ......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 研究课题背景及意义 ....................................................................... 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 ............................................................................... 3
1.2.1 再生制动国内外研究现状 ......................................................... 3
1.2.2 车载复合电源研究现状 ............................................................. 6
1.3 本文研究主要内容 ........................................................................... 7
2 串并联结构可变复合电源系统结构分析及改进 ................................ 9
2.1 复合电源总体结构分析................................................................... 9
2.2 复合电源关键部件匹配选型 ........................................................ 11
2.2.1 动力电池的选择 ....................................................................... 11
2.2.2 超级电容特性分析及选型 ....................................................... 12
2.3 复合电源拓扑结构的改进 ............................................................ 14
2.4 驱动电机的选择与整流模块选型 ................................................ 15
2.4.1 永磁同步电机匹配选型 ........................................................... 15
2.4.2 整流桥模块选型 ....................................................................... 15
2.4.3 DC-DC 变换器参数确定 .......................................................... 17
2.5 串并联结构可变式复合电源系统分析 ........................................ 17
2.5.1 复合电源结构改进 ................................................................... 17
2.5.2 工作模式和电路流经 ............................................................... 18
2.6 本章小结 ......................................................................................... 22
3 再生制动能量回收系统建模与 MATLAB/Simulink 仿真 .............. 23
3.1 串并联可变复合电源整车模型 .................................................... 23
3.2 永磁同步电机控制模型建立与仿真 ............................................ 24
3.2.1 永磁同步电机的结构 ............................................................... 24
3.2.2 坐标变换与数学模型 ............................................................... 25
3.2.3 电压空间矢量 PWM 的基本原理 ........................................... 29
3.2.4 永磁同步电机的 Simulink 模型 ............................................ 29
3.3 再生制动能量回收建模................................................................. 32
3.3.1 主电路数学模型 ....................................................................... 32
3.3.2 简化超级电容充电电路 ........................................................... 33
3.3.3 整流电路仿真 ........................................................................... 35
3.4 车辆动力学建模 ............................................................................. 38
3.5 再生制动能量回收控制策略 ........................................................ 40
3.5.1 不同再生制动强度能量回收开环控制 .................................. 41
3.5.2 基于 PID 闭环控制优化再生制动控制方法 .......................... 41
3.6 复合电源再生制动系统模型与 PMSM 联合仿真分析 ............... 44
3.7 本章小结 ......................................................................................... 48
4 复合电源再生制动能量回收控制系统设计与试验设计 .................. 49
4.1 控制系统的设计思路 ..................................................................... 49
4.1.1 控制系统结构及原理 ............................................................... 49
4.1.2 系统控制逻辑 ........................................................................... 50
4.2 控制器硬件设计 ............................................................................. 51
4.2.0 硬件电路的设计 ....................................................................... 51
4.2.1 主控芯片 ................................................................................... 52
4.2.2 隔离模块与晶闸管控制电路 ................................................... 52
4.2.3 信号采集和 A/D 转换功能 ...................................................... 54
4.3 控制器软件设计 ............................................................................. 55
4.3.1 电机软件程序 ........................................................................... 55
4.3.2 主程序设计 ............................................................................... 55
4.3.3 PID 控制算法程序 .................................................................... 56
4.3.4 上位机软件程序设计 ............................................................... 57
4.4 串并联结构可变复合电源能量回收试验设计 ............................ 58
4.4.1 系统试验设备 ........................................................................... 58
4.4.2 试验台架结构 ........................................................................... 59
4.4.3 整车滑行试验 ........................................................................... 60
4.4.4 不同再生制动强度能量回收试验 ........................................... 61
4.4.5 基于 PID 闭环控制优化再生制动控制方法试验 .................. 64
4.5 本章小结 ......................................................................................... 66
5 整车复合电源再生制动能量回收性能测试与试验结果分析 .......... 67
5.1 试验车辆复合电源再生制动能量回收系统安装实物图 ............ 67
5.2 单体超级电容充电性能测试试验 ................................................ 68
5.3 超级电容放电性能测试试验 ........................................................ 69
5.4 串并联结构可变复合电源能量回收试验性能测试 .................... 69
5.5 串并联结构可变复合电源驱动试验 ............................................ 71
5.5.1 滤波电路 ................................................................................... 71
5.5.2 整车驱动试验结果分析 ........................................................... 72
5.6 总结 ................................................................................................. 76
6 总结与展望........................................................................................... 77
6.1 总结 ................................................................................................. 77
6.2 展望 ................................................................................................. 78
参考文献 ................................................................................................... 79
剩余87页未读,继续阅读
资源评论
2301_77550592
- 粉丝: 17
- 资源: 7163
上传资源 快速赚钱
- 我的内容管理 展开
- 我的资源 快来上传第一个资源
- 我的收益 登录查看自己的收益
- 我的积分 登录查看自己的积分
- 我的C币 登录后查看C币余额
- 我的收藏
- 我的下载
- 下载帮助
安全验证
文档复制为VIP权益,开通VIP直接复制
信息提交成功