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istqb-advanced-level-test-manager-syllabus-v5-高级测试经理认证大纲chap07.p
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7. People Skills – Team Composition – 210 mins.
Keywords
Independence of testing
Learning Objectives for People Skills – Team Composition
7.2 Individual Skills
TM-
7.2.1
(K4) Using a skills assessment spreadsheet, analyze the strengths and weaknesses of team members related to use of
software systems, domain and business knowledge, areas of systems development, software testing and interpersonal
skills
TM-7.2.2 (K4) Analyze a given skills assessment for a team in order to define a training and skills development plan
7.3 Test Team Dynamics
TM-7.3.1 (K2) For a given situation, discuss the necessary hard and soft skills required to lead a testing team
7.4 Fitting Testing Within an Organization
TM-7.4.1 (K2) Explain options for independent testing
7.5 Motivation
TM-7.5.1 (K2) Provide examples of motivating and demotivating factors for testers
7.6 Communication
TM-
7.6.1
(K2) Explain the factors that influence the effectiveness of communication within a test team, and between a test
team and its stakeholders
7.1 Introduction
Successful Test Managers recruit, hire and maintain teams with the proper mix of skills. Skills requirements may
change over time, so in addition to hiring the right people in the first place, providing adequate training and growth
opportunities are important in order to retain the test team and maintain it at a level of peak performance. In
addition to the skills of the team, the Test Manager must also maintain a set of skills that will allow effective
functioning in a high pressure, fast-paced environment. This chapter looks at how to assess skills, how to fill in
the gaps to create a synergistic team that is internally cohesive and is effective in an organization, and also how
to motivate that team and how to communicate effectively.
7.2 Individual Skills
An individual’s ability to test software can be obtained through experience or by education and training. Each of
the following can contribute to the tester’s knowledge base:
Use of software systems
Knowledge of the domain or business
Participation in various phases of the software development process activities including analysis, development
and technical support
Participation in software testing activities
End-users of software systems have a good understanding of how the system works, where failures would have the greatest
impact, and how the system should react in various situations. Users with domain expertise know which areas are of
most importance to the business and how those areas affect the ability of the business to meet its requirements. This
knowledge can be used to help prioritize the testing activities, create realistic test data and test cases, and to
verify or create use cases.
Knowledge of the software development process (requirements analysis, architecture, design and coding) gives insight
into how errors lead to the introduction of defects, where defects can be detected and how to prevent the introduction
of defects in the first place. Experience in technical support provides knowledge of the user experience, expectations
and usability requirements. Software development experience is important for the use of test tools that require
programming and design expertise, and to participate in static code analysis, code reviews, unit testing, and
technically focused integration testing.
Specific software testing skills include the capabilities discussed in the Foundation, Advanced Test Analyst, and
Advanced Technical Test Analyst syllabi, such as the ability to analyze a specification, participate in risk analysis,
design test cases, and the diligence for running tests and recording the results.
Specifically for Test Managers, having knowledge, skills and experience in project management is important since test
management includes many project management activities, e.g., making a plan, tracking progress and reporting to
stakeholders. In the absence of a project manager, the Test Manager may take on the role of both the Test Manager and
the project manager, particularly during the later stages of a project. These skills are in addition to the capabilities
discussed in the Foundation syllabus and this syllabus.
In addition to technical skills, interpersonal skills, such as giving and receiving constructive criticism, influencing,
and negotiating, are all important in the role of testing. Technically competent testers are likely to fail unless
they also possess and employ the necessary soft skills. In addition to working effectively with others, the successful
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