Doping Effect on the Grain Growth of Spinel LiMn2O4 Prepared by ...

The cathode-active materials, Li1+yMxMn2-xO4 (M = Al, Co, Ni, Zn, y = 0.02, x = 0.02) powder, were synthesized by sol-gel method using LiOH, Mn(NO3)(2) as the starting materials, citric acid as a carrier and Al(NO3)(3)center dot 9H(2)O or Co(NO3)(2)center dot 6H(2)O or Ni(NO3)(2)center dot 6H(2)O or Zn(NO3)(2)center dot 6H(2)O as dopants. The influence of different doping elements on the structural properties of the as-prepared samples was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) s