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PPR819 公交车安全标准:碰撞分析及对策(英)TRL 2022.pdf
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PPR819 公交车安全标准:碰撞分析及对策(英)TRL 2022.pdf
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PUBLISHED PROJECT REPORT
PPR819
Analysis of bus collisions and
identification of countermeasures
Alix Edwards, Adam Barrow, Siobhan
O'Connell, Varun Krishnamurthy, Rahul Khatry,
Nicola Hylands, Mike McCarthy, Shaun Helman
and Iain Knight
1.1 PPR819
Report details
Report prepared for:
TfL
Project/customer reference:
tfl_scp_001142_co036
Copyright:
© TRL Limited
Report date:
18/02/2018
Report status/version:
1.1
Quality approval:
Anna George
(Project Manager)
Mike McCarthy
(Technical Reviewer)
Disclaimer
This report has been produced by TRL Limited (TRL) under a contract with TfL. Any
views expressed in this report are not necessarily those of TfL.
The information contained herein is the property of TRL Limited and does not
necessarily reflect the views or policies of the customer for whom this report was
prepared. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the matter presented in
this report is relevant, accurate and up-to-date, TRL Limited cannot accept any
liability for any error or omission, or reliance on part or all of the content in another
context.
When purchased in hard copy, this publication is printed on paper that is FSC
(Forest Stewardship Council) and TCF (Totally Chlorine Free) registered.
Contents amendment record
This report has been amended and issued as follows:
Version Date Description Editor
Technical
Reviewer
1.0 24/10/2017 Published version agreed with TRL Alix Edwards Mike McCarthy
1.1 18/02/2018 Minor edits to Appendix D Alix Edwards Mike McCarthy
1.2 10/10/2018 ISSN & Abstract added Alix Edwards Mike McCarthy
Document last saved on:
10/10/2018 10:40
Document last saved by:
Alix Edwards
Bus collisions and countermeasures
1.1 3 PPR819
Table of Contents
1 Executive Summary 7
2 Introduction 10
2.1 Work Plan 10
3 Phase 1: Collision Analysis 13
3.1 Methodology 13
3.2 Bus Collisions in a European Context 19
3.3 Bus Collision Rates 20
3.4 Collision and Casualty Analysis 23
3.5 Collision Causation 24
3.6 Stakeholder Input on Collision Data 30
3.7 Summary of Bus Collisions Analysis 32
4 Phase 2: Identification of Countermeasures 33
4.1 Methodology for assignment of countermeasures 33
4.2 Vehicle Countermeasures 36
4.3 Human Countermeasures 49
4.4 Environment Countermeasures 52
4.5 RAIDS & OTS Case Studies 53
4.6 Summary of identification of countermeasures 57
5 Phase 3: Countermeasures Analysis 58
5.1 Stakeholder Input on Countermeasures 58
5.2 Aggregated Countermeasures List 69
5.3 Analysis of countermeasures 78
5.4 Prioritised List of Countermeasures 86
5.5 Summary of analysis of countermeasures 91
6 Conclusions 93
6.1 Bus Collision Types 93
6.2 Bus Collision Countermeasures 93
6.3 Limitations 95
7 Acknowledgements 97
8 References 98
Bus collisions and countermeasures
1.1 4 PPR819
Appendix A Collision Analysis 106
Appendix B Stakeholder Questionnaire 137
Appendix C Bus Countermeasures Master List 147
Appendix D OTS & RAIDS Case Summaries 153
Appendix E Human Factors & Behaviour Change Workshop Slides 189
Appendix F Presentation of Findings 221
Bus collisions and countermeasures
1.1 5 PPR819
List of Abbreviations and Terminology
Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS)
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)
Advanced Emergency Braking (AEB)
AfterMarket (AM)
Automated Emergency Steering (AES)
Closed Circuit TeleVision (CCTV)
Collision Avoidance System (CAS)
Collision Investigator (CI)
Emergency Braking System (EBS)
Front Underrun Protection (FUP)
Heavy Goods Vehicle (HGV)
Heavy Vehicle Crash Injury Study (HVCIS)
Intelligent Speed Assistance (ISA)
Large Passenger Vehicle (LPV)
LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR)
Metropolitan Police Service (MPS)
Nearside = left/passenger/kerb- side in the UK
Offside = right/driver/road- side in the UK
On The Spot (OTS)
Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)
Road Accident In Depth Studies (RAIDS)
Transport for London (TfL)
TRL Limited (TRL)
Truck Crash Injury Study (TCIS)
Vehicle and Operator Services Agency (VOSA)
Vehicle Restraint System (VRS)
Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs)
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