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<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>坐标转换问题</span></b><b><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>坐标转换问题的详细了解对于测量很重要,那么请和我一起来讨论这个问题。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><span style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span></span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>首先,我们要弄清楚几种坐标表示方法。大致有三种坐标表示方法:经纬度和高程,空间直角坐标,平面坐标和高程。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>我们通常说的</span><span lang=EN-US>WGS-84</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>坐标是经纬度和高程这一种,北京</span><span lang=EN-US>54</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>坐标是平面坐标和高程着一种。</span><span lang=EN-US><span
style='mso-tab-count:1'> </span></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>现在,再搞清楚转换的严密性问题,在同一个椭球里的转换都是严密的,而在不同的椭球之间的转换是不严密的。举个例子,在</span><span
lang=EN-US>WGS-84</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>坐标和北京</span><span lang=EN-US>54</span><span
style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"'>坐标之间是不存在一套转换参数可以全国通用的,在每个地方会不一样,因为它们是两个不同的椭球基准。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-indent:21.0pt'><span style='font-family:宋体;
mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>那么,两个椭球间的坐标转换应该是怎样的呢?一般而言比较严密的是用七参数法(包括布尔莎模型,一步法模型,海尔曼特等),即</span><span
lang=EN-US>X</span><span style='font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"
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坐标转换工具 支持北京54西安80CGCS2000
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