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MIL-STD-188_196.027854.pdf
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..—
NOT MEASUREMENT ]
L SENSITIVE
I
MIL-STD-188-196
18 June 1993
Note - The cover page of this standard has been changed for administrative reasons.
There are no other changes to this document.
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
INTERFACE STANDARD
BI-LEVEL IMAGE COMPRESSION
FOR THE
NATXONAL IMAGERY TRANSMISSION FORMAT STANDARD
AMSC N/A AREA TCSS
QISTRIBUTIC)N STATEN&JN_‘T~ Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
-
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MIL-STD-188-196
FOREWORD
1. The National lmage~ Transmission Format Standard (?WTFS) is the standard for
-
fonnarti.ng digital image~ and Imagery -miatcd products and exchanging them among members of
the lnteli.igence Community (lC), as defined by Executive Order 12333. the Department of
Defense (DOD). and other depanrncnts and agencies of the IJnitcd States Government, as
governed by Memoranda of Agrcemcnf (MOA ) with those departments and agencies.
2. ‘he National Imagery Transmission Format Standard Technical Board (NTB) developed
ths standard based upon currently available Kzhnical information.
3. The DOD and members of the Intdigena Community art committed to itmroperabiiity of
systems used for formatting, transmitting, rcueiving, and processing imagery and imagery-related
information. This standard describes the one+cnsional and two-dimensional image DaM
compression strategy articulated in I.rmnational T&ccnnrnunication Union (ITU), CCHT
Recommendation T.4, Sumd.ardb.arion
ofGmup 3 Facsimile Apparatus for Document
Transmission, (Geneva 1980, amended m Malaga-Tornmolinos, 1984 and Melbourne, 1988) and
establishes its application within the ?WTFS.
4. Beneficial comments (rc-cornmcndations, tiditjom, deletions) and any pertinent Data which
may bc of use in improving this document should be addrcssal to Defense Information Systems
Agency (DISA), Joint I.nteropcrability and Engineering Organization (JIEO), Center for Standards
(CFS), Ann: TBCF, 11440 kaac Newton Squat, Nosth, Rcston, VA 22090 by using the
Stanchhation Documen! irnprwement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this
document or by kter.
5. Portions of this document were reproduced from the GCI’I’T Remmrnenda!ion T.4 (1988)
with prior authorization from the copyright holder, international Tckcommunkation Union (lTU ).
DOD takes sole responsibility for the sekct,ion of porncms from the ITU document for
reproduction, with subsequent additions or changes, which should not be attributed to the ~.
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ML-s-m- 188-196
CONTENTS
7
b.
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.2
2.3
3
3.1
3.2
4.
4.1
4.?
4“3
4.4
5.
5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.1.1
52.1.2
5m~.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
5.2.5
5.2.6
5.3
5.3.1
5.3. 1.1
5.3.1.2
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .........,”.””s.-lD
scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ”” ”” ”. .” ’” ”’”” ”””” ””.”]~
Content . . . . . . . . . ...-......”.”.” “.”.o”o””””-”-”.lp
Appbc&tiv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......”...”o””O”””.l~.l~
T~otig~k, dgoriti, mqutimcnt
SpCCibd~S . . . . . . . . . . . lD
Types of operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...””.””.”””. O.-l~
APPHCME DWUHS . . . . . . . . . . ..,...-”.’”0”.”o.. :
Govmment doamnu . . . . . . . ......”.....o”0””.s”O.S”O ‘
Spe@cations. ~tidsmdbdkok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Otim Govammt d=ma~, titigs. andpubl.i~ions . . . . . . . . . 4
Non-Govcmment pubhtiions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~
Orclerof prccedenU .,....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DEFIIWTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Acronyms used intismdud. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Definitions used i.ntitismdA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
GENERAL REQUTREM_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...”..”..””. ..7/g
I.ntcroperabilit y . . . . . . . . . ..- . . . . . .. s...””””.-”””.” 7J8
Data compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...’..” . ..”” ””. ”....’n
EncockdDatafonna[. ,..,. . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . ...7/8
Amoun~of compmssim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...7/8
DETAILED REQUIREME~S . . . . . . . . -..........”””.”.””””.. 9
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..I.”1”-- 9
hput Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ” . ...”...” . 9
Data Limitations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-..” 9
Onedirnensional &g@onti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Code.drha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...-....+..”””””-””” ~
Coding runs less timtipke k.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Coding runs g-rtimoreqdto 64 pixels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Endof Line (EOL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...”. ‘~
Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....”.”’-.. ‘f
Return To Conuol(RTC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...””.- 16
Data organization ofaoncdirnemiond cncociedirnage . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Example of aonedtintiondmctid image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Two-dimensional cod@ @oritim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~~~~~~ s 17
Parameter K . . . . . . . . . . . .
]7
,,. .
Of]e-dmensionti c[}hg . . . . . . . . 17
L
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PARAGRAPH
WL-ST’D-188-1?6
CONTENTS
PAGE
-
5.3.1.3
5.3.1 .3.1
5.3.1 .3.2
5.3.1 .3.3
5.3.1 .3.4
5.3.1 .3.5
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4
5.3.5
5.3.6
6.
6.1
6-?
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
FIGURE
1.
7
A,
3
. .
4.
5.
6.
7.
8
!2
10,
11.
12.
13.
Two-dimensions.l coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Definition ofchanging pictumeiemcnts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Coding modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Coding prmhlrl! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Variations ofthea@ithm... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Processing the first and last picture elements in chine . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Line synchronization codeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Return To Control (RTC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Data organization oftwo-dirnensiontiy encodd image . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Example of a WO-&nen
sional)y encoded image. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
NITFirnage compression field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
NITFcompression ~e code field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. 28
Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Two-dimensions.l encoding ex~ple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Subject term (kcyword)iistmg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
NITFfile formar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...7/8
Data organization of aone-dimensimdy encoded image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
.4nexample ofanunco&.d bi-ieve)irnage and its onedimensional
encoded binary sueam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Changing picture elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Pass mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...4. . . . . . . . . . . 19
An example noncorresponding toa pass mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Vemcal coding mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Horizontal coding mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Two-dimensional ctigflowdi~m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
D~organization of atwo~nsiondl} encoded irna.ge(K =2) . . . . . . . . . 25
Da&aorganization of atwo-dtinsiond encoded irnage(K =4) . . . . . . . . . . 26
Example ofamvo-dimensiondy actid i.mage(K=2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Example of the two-dimensionWy encoding pmcess(K =2). . . . . . . . . . . ,, 29
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TABLE
L Onedimcns]onal
II.
one-dimensional
MIL.-STD-188- 196
CONTEhTS
PAGE
termintigcodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
make-up
m.
Extended onc-dimcnsion~
N. Two-dimensional codes
codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
make-up ccdes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
22
. . . . ,,.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
L
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