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MIL_STD_188_199.1730.pdf
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NOT MEASUREMENT
NOTE: The cover page of this standard has been
changed for administrative reasons. There are no
other changes to this document.
SENSITIVE
MIL-STD-188-199
27 June 1994
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
INTERFACE STANDARD
VECTOR QUANTIZATION DECOMPRESSION
FOR THE
NATIONAL IMAGERY TRANSMISSION FORMAT STANDARD
AMSC N/A AREA TCSS
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
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MIL-STD-188-199
FOREWORD
1. The National Imagery Transmission Format Standard (NITFS) is the standard for formatting digital
imagery and imagery-related products and exchanging them among members of the Intelligence Community (IC)
as defined by Executive Order 12333, the Department of Defense (DOD), and other departments and agencies
of the United States Government, as governed by Memoranda of Agreement (MOA) with those departments and
agencies.
2. This standard was developed using currently available technical information.
3. The DOD and members of the IC are committed to interoperability of systems used for formatting,
transmitting, receiving, and processing imagery and imagery-related information. This standard describes the
Vector Quantization (VQ) decompression algorithm for the National Imagery Transmission Format (NITF) file
format and establishes its application within the NITFS.
4. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of
use in improving this document should be addressed to Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA), Joint
Interoperability and Engineering Organization (JIEO), Center for Standards (CFS), Attn: TBCE, Parkridge III,
10701 Parkridge Blvd., Reston, VA 22091-4398, by using the Standardization Document Improvement Proposal
(DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter.
ii
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MIL-STD-188-199
CONTENTS
PARAGRAPH PAGE
1. SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2
1.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2
1.2 Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2
1.3 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2
1.4 Tailoring task, method, or requirement specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2
1.5 Types of operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1/2
2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1 Government documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.1 Specifications, standards and handbooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.2 Other Government documents, drawings, and publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Non-Government publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3 Order of precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1 Acronyms used in this standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2 Definition of terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.1 Interoperability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2 Vector quantization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.3 Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.4 Decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.5 Compression ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.2 Vector quantization decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.2.1 Spatial decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.2.2 Color decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.2.3 Data elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.2.3.1 Compression ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.2.3.2 Masked vs. unmasked images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.2.3.3 Codebook organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.2.3.4 Spatial data subsection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.3 File organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.4 Definitions - image data section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.5 Definitions - NITF header and image subheader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6. NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23/24
iii
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MIL-STD-188-199
CONTENTS
PARAGRAPH PAGE
6.1 Selection of VQ for NITFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23/24
6.2 Compression performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23/24
6.3 Decompression performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23/24
6.4 Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23/24
6.5 Suggested reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23/24
6.6 Subject term (key word) listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23/24
FIGURE
1. Compression process flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2. NITF file structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3. Decompression process flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4. VQ decompression procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5. Spatial Decompression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6. Color decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
7. Structure of the NITF image data section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
APPENDIX
A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
iv
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MIL-STD-188-199
1. SCOPE
1.1 Scope. This standard establishes the requirements to be met by NITFS compliant systems when
image data are decompressed using the VQ compression algorithm. This allows NITFS-compliant systems to
accept and decompress data that are compressed using a VQ compression scheme. This standard describes the
VQ compression in the general requirements section, but does not fully describe the steps for compression. The
steps involved in decompressing images compressed with VQ are fully described by this standard.
1.2 Content. This standard provides technical detail of the NITFS VQ decompression algorithm,
designated by the code C4 or M4 in the image compression field of the image subheader in a NITF file.
1.3 Applicability. This standard is applicable to the IC and the DOD. It is mandatory for all Secondary
Imagery Dissemination Systems (SIDS) in accordance with the memorandum by the Assistant Secretary of
Defense for Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence ASD(C
3
I) Subject: National Imagery
Transmission Format Standard (NITFS), 12 August 1991. This directive shall be implemented in accordance with
the MIL-STD-2500, JIEO Circular 9008 and MIL-HDBK-1300. New digital imagery equipment and systems,
those undergoing major modification, or those capable of rehabilitation shall conform to this standard.
1.4 Tailoring task, method, or requirement specifications. The compliance requirements for
implementation of this decompression algorithm are defined in JIEO Circular 9008.
1.5 Types of operation. This standard establishes the requirements for the communication or
interchange of image data in VQ compressed form. Each type of operation defined by this standard consists of
two parts:
a. The compressed data interchange format (which defines the image data field of the NITF file
format).
b. The decoder.
Two types of operations are specified by the acquisition authority:
a. Type 1 - Eight-bit monochrome sample compression
b. Type 2 - 24-bit color sample compression
1/2
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