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MIL_STD_188_197A.1700.pdf
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NOT MEASUREMENT
NOTE: The cover page of this standard has
been changed for administrative reasons. There
are no other changes to this document.
SENSITIVE
MIL-STD-188-197A
12 October 1994
SUPERSEDING
MIL-STD-188-197
18 June 1993
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
INTERFACE STANDARD
ADAPTIVE RECURSIVE INTERPOLATED
DIFFERENTIAL PULSE CODE MODULATION
(ARIDPCM) COMPRESSION ALGORITHM
FOR THE
NATIONAL IMAGERY TRANSMISSION FORMAT STANDARD
AMSC N/A AREA TCSS
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
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MIL-STD-188-197A
FOREWORD
1. The National Imagery Transmission Format Standard (NITFS) is the standard for formatting
digital imagery and imagery-related products and exchanging them among members of the
Intelligence Community (IC) as defined by Executive Order 12333, the Department of Defense
(DOD), and other departments and agencies of the United States Government, as governed by
Memoranda of Agreement (MOA) with those departments and agencies.
2. The National Imagery Transmission Format Standards Technical Board (NTB) developed this
standard based upon currently available technical information.
3. The DOD and members of the Intelligence Community are committed to interoperability of
systems used for formatting, transmitting, receiving, and processing imagery and imagery-related
information. This standard describes Adaptive Recursive Interpolated Differential Pulse Code
Modulation (ARIDPCM) compression algorithm for the National Imagery Transmission Format
(NITF) file format and establishes its application within the NITFS.
4. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which
may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to Defense Information Systems
Agency (DISA), Joint Interoperability and Engineering Organization (JIEO), Center for Standards
(CFS), Attn: TBCE, Parkridge III, 10701 Parkridge Blvd., Reston, VA 22091-4398, by using the
Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this
document or by letter.
ii
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MIL-STD-188-197A
CONTENTS
PARAGRAPH
PAGE
1. SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.4 Tailoring task, method, or requirement specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.5 Types of operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1 Government documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.1 Specifications, standards and handbooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1.2 Other Government documents, drawings, and publications . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Non-Government publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3 Order of precedence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1 Acronyms used in this standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2 Definition of terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.1 Interoperability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2 ARIDPCM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.3 Encoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.3.1 Recursion levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.3.2 Quantization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.3.3 Coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.4 Decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.5 Compressed data format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.6 Modes of operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.6.1 Non-driven mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.6.2 Driven mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.6.3 Composite mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.7 Amount of compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.2 ARIDPCM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.2.1 Fundamental concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.2.2 Non-driven algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.2.2.1 Artificial rows and columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.2.2.2 Pixels at recursion level 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.2.2.3 Pixels at recursion Level 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.2.2.4 Pixels at recursion Level 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
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MIL-STD-188-197A
CONTENTS
PARAGRAPH
PAGE
5.2.2.5 Busyness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.2.2.5.1 Bit Assignment Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.2.2.6 Quantization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.2.2.7 Compressed data format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.2.2.7.1 Resynchronization code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.2.2.8 Decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.2.2.8.1 Level 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5.2.2.8.2 Level 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.2.2.8.3 Level 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.2.3 Driven algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
5.2.4 Composite mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5.2.5 Special considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
5.2.5.1 Required image sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
6. NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6.1 Purpose of NITFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6.2 Selection of ARIDPCM for NITFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6.3 ARIDPCM quantization table derivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6.4 Critical/important data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6.5 Other than eight- and 11-bit compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.6 Quantization tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6.7 Subject term (key word) listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
FIGURE
1. The levels of the ARIDPCM 8x8 block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2. Format of an NITF file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3. 8x8 neighborhood with Level 1 corner point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4. Top left corner of image prior to calculating predicted values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5. Level 2 deltas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6. Compute Level 2 deltas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7. Level 3 deltas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8. Compute Level 3 deltas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
9. Level 4 deltas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
10. Output order of compressed data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
iv
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MIL-STD-188-197A
CONTENTS
TABLE PAGE
I. Busyness classes for eight-bit compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
II. Busyness classes for 11-bit compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
III. Bit Assignment Matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
IV. Bit Assignment Matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
V. Output order of compressed data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
VI. Percentages of neighborhoods placed in busyness classes
(for eight bpp inputs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
VII. Percentages of neighborhoods placed in busyness classes
(for 11 bpp inputs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
APPENDIX
A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
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