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TPO1 Conversation1 D B C A B

Narrator: Listen to part of a conversation between a student and a librarian.

Student: Hi, I really hope you can help me.

Librarian: That’s why I’m here. What can I do for you?

Student: 1@I’m supposed to do a literature review for my psychology course, but I’m

having a hard time finding articles. I don’t even know where to start looking.

Librarian: You said this is for your psychology course, right? So your focus is on…

so psychology journals in the Reference Section. These are the ones published within the last year.

Now that I think about it, there’s a journal named Sleep and Dream.

Student: Oh, yeah, the article I just copied is from that journal, so I’ve got to look at other

sources.

Librarian: 2@Ok, actually, most of our materials are available electronically now. You can

access psychology databases or electronic journals and articles through the library’s computers,

and if you want to search by title with the word dream for example, just type it in and all the

articles with dream in the title will come up on the screen.

Student: Cool, that’s great! Too bad I cannot do this from home.

Librarian: But you can. All of the library’s databases and electronic sources can be

and electronic sources, you have the option to display the abstracts on the computer screen,

skimming those to decide whether or not you want to read the whole article should cut down

some time.

Student: Right, abstracts! They’ll definitely make the project more doable. 4@I guess I

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should try out the electronic search while I’m still here then, you know, just in case.

Librarian: Sure, that computer’s free over there, and I’ll be here till five this afternoon.

Student: Thanks, I feel a lot better about this assignment now.

supposed 应该要 Literature Review 文献综述 psychology course 心理学课程 focus 重点

Dream Interpretation 梦的解析 article 文章 on reserve 不外借书目 journal 期刊 printed

versions 印刷版 Reference Section 参考书目区 publish 出版 databases 数据库 available

electronically 以电子版的形式存在 access 进入 databases 数据库 electronic journals 电子期

刊 title 标题 screen 电脑屏幕 network 网络 abstract = summary 摘要 top 顶部 display 显示

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TPO1 Lecture1 Contemporary Art C C A B B A

Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a contemporary art class.

Professor: Ok, I’m going to begin this lecture by giving you your next assignment.

Remember I said that at some point during this semester I wanted you to attend an exhibit at the

Fairy Street Gallery and then write about it? Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming

up. It’s already started in fact, but it’ll be at the gallery for the next month, which should give you

plenty of time to complete this assignment.

Student: Well, Impressionism started in the late 19th century. The basic impressionist style

was very different from earlier styles. It didn’t depict scenes or models exactly as they looked.

Impressionist painters tended to apply paint really thickly, and in big brushstrokes, so the texture

of the canvas was rough.

Professor: Good. What else? What were the subjects?

Student: Well, a lot of impressionist artists painted everyday scenes, like people on the

streets and in cafés, lots of nature scenes, especially landscapes.

Professor: Good. So when you go to the exhibit, I really want you to take a close look at a

certain painting. It’s a farm scene. And you will see it right as you enter the gallery. 2@The reason

I think this painting is so important is that it stresses the impressionist aspect of Frantzen’s

that when she first moved back to Iowa after living abroad, she often visited this place in her town

called the Sales Barn. And the Sales Barn, it was basically this place where the local farmers

bought and sold their cattle, their farm animals. 3@And the reason Frantzen went there, and she

later on would visit other places like dance halls, was to observe people and the ways that they

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moved. She really found that this helped her work; that it gave her an understanding of body

movements and actions, how humans move, and stand still, what their postures were like, too.

So, what about Realism? What are the elements of Realism we should be looking for in

Frantzen’s work?

Student: Real honest depictions of subject matter, pretty unidealized stuff, and pretty

everyday subject matter, too.

Professor: Good. One other painting I really want you to look at is of a young woman

6@I find Frantzen to be a very accessible artist. I mean, some artists, to appreciate

them, you have to know their life story. But here’s a little bit about Rose Frantzen’s life

anyway. She attended art school, but was told by one of her instructors that she was not good at

illustration, that she should go into advertising instead. So she took advertising classes and fine

arts classes too, until she was convinced by the head of an advertising agency that her work was

really good, that she could be an artist. But of course, it’s not as easy as that, and so Frantzen had

to paint other people’s portraits at places like art fairs just to make money to buy paint for her

more series of art work. No matter what, she never stopped painting. And now, Frantzen is doing

extremely well. And her work is being shown all over the country. 5@So I think most of us would

be discouraged if we had to face challenges and difficulties like that. But what’s important is

的 vibrant 充满活力的 illustration 插画 background 背景 messed up 混乱的 No matter what

不管怎么样 keep at it 坚持

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TPO1 Lecture2 Geology B D * B A B

Ok, let’s get started. Great, 1@today I want to talk about a way in which we are able to

determine how old a piece of land, or some other geologic feature is-dating techniques. I’m

going to talk about a particular dating technique. Why? Good dating is a key to good analysis. In

other words, if you want to know how a land formation was formed, the first thing you probably

want to know is how old it is. It’s fundamental.

Take the Grand Canyon for instance. Now, we geologists thought we had a pretty good idea

called Uranium-Lead Dating.

I should say that Uranium-Lead Dating has been around for quite a while. But there have

been some recent refinements. I will get into this in a minute. Anyway, Uranium-Lead Dating has

produced some surprises. Two geologists discovered that about half of the sand from the Grand

Canyon was actually once part of the Appalachian Mountains. That’s really eye-opening news,

since the Appalachian Mountain Range is, of course, thousands of kilometers to the east of the

Grand Canyon. Sounds pretty unbelievable, right?

Of course, the obvious question is how did that sand end up so far west? The theory is that

huge rivers and wind carried the sand west where it mixed in with the sand that was already there.

6@Well, this was a pretty revolutionary finding, and it was basically because of Uranium-

was: they looked at the grains of Zircon in the sandstone. Zircon is a material that contains

radioactive Uranium, which makes it very useful for dating purposes. Zircon starts off as molten

magma, the hot larva from volcanoes. This magma then crystallizes. And when Zircon crystallizes,

the Uranium inside it begins to change into Lead. 3@So if you measure the amount of Lead in