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计算机与工业机器人英3译汉.doc
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计算机与工业机器人英3译汉.doc
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Computer and Industrial Robots
There are a variety of definitions of the term robot.Depending on the definition used,
the number of robot installations worldwide varies widely.Numerous single-purpose
machines are used in manufacturing plants that might appear to be robots . These
machines are hardwired to perform a single function and cannot be repogrammed to
perform a different function. Such single-purpose machines do not fit the definition
for industrial robots that is becoming widely accepted.This definition was developer)
by the Robot Institute of America:
A robot is a reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator designed to move
material, parts,tools,or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for
the performance of a variety of tasks.
Note that this definition contains the words repmuammable is these two
characteristics that separate the true industrial robot from the various single-purpose
machines used in modern manufacturing firms.The term "reprogrammable" implies
two things:The robot operates according to a written program,and this program can
be rewritten to accommodate a variety of manufacturing tasks.
The term“multifunctional” means that the robot can,through reprogramming and the
use of different end-effectors , perform a number of different manufacturing
tasks . Definitions written around these two critical characteristics.becoming the
accepted definitions among manufacturing professionals.
The first articulated arm came about in 1951 and was used by the U.S. Atomic
Energy Commission.In 1954,the first programmable robot was designed by George
Devol .It was based on two important technologies:
(1)Numerical control(NC) technology.
(2) Remote manipulator technology.
Numerical control technology provided a form of machine control ideally suited
to robots .It allowed for the control of motion by stored programs.These programs
contain data points to which the robot sequentially moves, timing signals to initiate
action and to stop movement,and logic statements to allow for decision making.
Remote manipulator technology allowed a machine to be more than just another
NC machine.It allowed such machines to become robots that can perform a variety of
manufacturing tasks in both inaccessible and unsafe environments.By merging these
two technologies , Devol developed the first industrial robot , an unsophisticated
programmable materials handling machine.
The first commercially produced robot was developed in 1959.In 1962,the first
industrial robot to be used on a production line was installed by Geieral Motors
Corporation, This robot was produced by Unimation.A major step forward in robot
control occurred in 1973 with the development of the T-3 industrial robot by
Cincinnati Milacron . The T-3 robot was the first commercially produced industrial
robot controlled by a minicomputer.
Numerical control and remote manipulator technology prompted the wide-scale
development and use of industrial robots.But major technological developments do
not take place simply because of such new capabilities.Something must provide the
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