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单片机PID温度控制系统.doc
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单片机PID温度控制系统.doc
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摘 要
在现代化的工业生产和人们的日常生活中,常常需要对温度进行控制。例如:
在工业领域中,人们都对各类加热炉、反应炉等温度进行检测和控制
[1]
;在生活
中对热水器、太阳能电加热器等的温度控制。工控领域的一种重要控制方法就是
PID 控制,将 PID 算法应用到以 51 单片机为核心的控制系统中,能产生良好的控
制效果。
本系统是基于 PID 算法的温度监控控制系统。温度传感器采用数字温度传感
器 DS18B20,单片机收到温度数据后,在液晶显示器实时显示温度值,然后对温
度偏差进行 PID 运算后,输出 PWM 波控制有过零检测的可控硅电路驱动加热器
件。键盘可以设置加热温度和超限温度超限值,蜂鸣器可以实现温度越限报警。
本设计采用了过零点触发可控硅控制电路,温升小,电流冲击小,电磁干扰
低,提高了控制的可靠性。经实验测试,该系统无震荡现象,响应时间短,稳态
误差小,基本实现稳、准、快的指标。
关键词:单片机;DS18B20;PID;过零检测;可控硅
ABSTRACT
In modern industrial production and people's daily life, it is often necessary
to control the temperature. For example: In the industrial field, people are all
kinds of furnaces, reactors and other temperature measurement and control [1];
the temperature control on the water heater, solar electric heater in life. An
important method of controlling industrial field is PID control, the PID algorithm
is applied to 51 microcontroller as the core control system, can produce good
control effect.
This system is based on PID algorithm temperature monitoring control
system. After the temperature sensor digital temperature sensor DS18B20, after
MCU receives temperature data is displayed in real time on the LCD monitor
temperature and temperature deviation PID operation, the output PWM wave
control had thyristor zero-crossing detection circuit driving the heater. Keyboard
can set the heating temperature and the temperature limit value is exceeded,
the buzzer can realize temperature limit alarm.
The design uses a zero crossing triac trigger control circuit, the temperature
rise is small, a small current impact, low electromagnetic interference, improve
the reliability of control. The experimental test, the system is no shock
phenomenon, short response time, steady-state error is small, basically stable,
accurate and fast indicators.
Key words: SCM; DS18B20; PID; zero-detection; SCR
目 录
摘 要 ..............................................................................................................................................I
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................................II
第 1 章 引 言...............................................................................................................................1
1.1 课题意义 ..............................................................................................................................1
1.2 温控技术现状与发展趋势.....................................................................................................1
1.3 本设计研究的容 ...................................................................................................................2
1.4 本章小结 ..............................................................................................................................2
第 2 章 总体方案设计 ..................................................................................................................4
2.1 系统方案论证 .......................................................................................................................4
2.2.1.主控方案选择 ................................................................................................................4
2.2.2.温度检测传感器选择......................................................................................................4
2.2.3.加热模块驱动电路选择 ..................................................................................................4
2.2 系统方案构架 .......................................................................................................................5
2.3 本章小结 ..............................................................................................................................6
第 3 章 系统硬件电路设计.............................................................................................................7
3.1 单片机最小系统 ...................................................................................................................7
3.2.1.复位电路 .......................................................................................................................8
3.2.2 时钟电路........................................................................................................................8
3.2.4.电源电路 .......................................................................................................................8
3.2 温度检测电路 .......................................................................................................................9
3.3 加热控制电路 .....................................................................................................................11
3.6 液晶显示电路 .....................................................................................................................12
3.7 报警电路............................................................................................................................13
3.8 键盘电路............................................................................................................................14
3.9 总电路图 ............................................................................................................................14
3.6 本章小结 ............................................................................................................................15
第 4 章 系统软件设计 ................................................................................................................16
4.1 软件总体方案 .....................................................................................................................16
4.2 关键模块的程序 .................................................................................................................18
4.2.1 温度检测程序 ..............................................................................................................18
4.2.2 PID 程序......................................................................................................................20
4.2.3 按键电路程序 ..............................................................................................................22
4.3 本章总结 ............................................................................................................................24
第 5 章设计成果及总结 ..................................................................................................................1
第 6 章 结 束 语 .........................................................................................................................4
致 ...............................................................................................................................................5
参考文献........................................................................................................................................6
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