毕设&课设&项目&实训-基于ROS的多无人机编队仿真.zip

RotorS =============== RotorS is a MAV gazebo simulator. It provides some multirotor models such as the [AscTec Hummingbird](http://www.asctec.de/en/uav-uas-drone-products/asctec-hummingbird/), the [AscTec Pelican](http://www.asctec.de/en/uav-uas-drone-products/asctec-pelican/), or the [AscTec Firefly](http://www.asctec.de/en/uav-uas-drone-products/asctec-firefly/), but the simulator is not limited for the use with these multicopters. There are simulated sensors coming with the simulator such as an IMU, a generic odometry sensor, and the [VI-Sensor](http://wiki.ros.org/vi_sensor), which can be mounted on the multirotor. This package also contains some example controllers, basic worlds, a joystick interface, and example launch files. Below we provide the instructions necessary for getting started. See RotorS' wiki for more instructions and examples (https://github.com/ethz-asl/rotors_simulator/wiki). If you are using this simulator within the research for your publication, please cite: ```bibtex @Inbook{Furrer2016, author="Furrer, Fadri and Burri, Michael and Achtelik, Markus and Siegwart, Roland", editor="Koubaa, Anis", chapter="RotorS---A Modular Gazebo MAV Simulator Framework", title="Robot Operating System (ROS): The Complete Reference (Volume 1)", year="2016", publisher="Springer International Publishing", address="Cham", pages="595--625", isbn="978-3-319-26054-9", doi="10.1007/978-3-319-26054-9_23", url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26054-9_23" } ``` Installation Instructions - Ubuntu 16.04 with ROS Kinetic --------------------------------------------------------- 1. Install and initialize ROS kinetic desktop full, additional ROS packages, catkin-tools, and wstool: ``` $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu `lsb_release -sc` main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list' $ wget http://packages.ros.org/ros.key -O - | sudo apt-key add - $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install ros-kinetic-desktop-full ros-kinetic-joy ros-kinetic-octomap-ros ros-kinetic-mavlink python-wstool python-catkin-tools protobuf-compiler libgoogle-glog-dev ros-kinetic-control-toolbox $ sudo rosdep init $ rosdep update $ source /opt/ros/kinetic/setup.bash ``` 2. If you don't have ROS workspace yet you can do so by ``` $ mkdir -p ~/catkin_ws/src $ cd ~/catkin_ws/src $ catkin_init_workspace # initialize your catkin workspace $ wstool init $ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ethz-asl/rotors_simulator/master/rotors_hil.rosinstall $ wstool merge rotors_hil.rosinstall $ wstool update ``` > **Note** On OS X you need to install yaml-cpp using Homebrew `brew install yaml-cpp`. 3. Build your workspace with `python_catkin_tools` (therefore you need `python_catkin_tools`) ``` $ cd ~/catkin_ws/ $ catkin build ``` 4. Add sourcing to your `.bashrc` file ``` $ echo "source ~/catkin_ws/devel/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc $ source ~/.bashrc ``` Installation Instructions - Ubuntu 14.04 with ROS Indigo -------------------------------------------------------- 1. Install and initialize ROS indigo desktop full, additional ROS packages, catkin-tools, and wstool: ``` $ sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu `lsb_release -sc` main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list' $ wget http://packages.ros.org/ros.key -O - | sudo apt-key add - $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install ros-indigo-desktop-full ros-indigo-joy ros-indigo-octomap-ros python-wstool python-catkin-tools protobuf-compiler libgoogle-glog-dev $ sudo rosdep init $ rosdep update $ source /opt/ros/indigo/setup.bash ``` 2. If you don't have ROS workspace yet you can do so by ``` $ mkdir -p ~/catkin_ws/src $ cd ~/catkin_ws/src $ catkin_init_workspace # initialize your catkin workspace $ wstool init ``` > **Note** for setups with multiple workspaces please refer to the official documentation at http://docs.ros.org/independent/api/rosinstall/html/ by replacing `rosws` by `wstool`. 3. Get the simulator and additional dependencies ``` $ cd ~/catkin_ws/src $ git clone [email protected]:ethz-asl/rotors_simulator.git $ git clone [email protected]:ethz-asl/mav_comm.git ``` > **Note** On OS X you need to install yaml-cpp using Homebrew `brew install yaml-cpp`. > **Note** if you want to use `wstool` you can replace the above commands with ``` wstool set --git local_repo_name [email protected]:organization/repo_name.git ``` > **Note** if you want to build and use the `gazebo_mavlink_interface` plugin you have to get MAVROS as an additional dependency from link below. Follow the installation instructions provided there and build all of its packages prior to building the rest of your workspace. ``` https://github.com/mavlink/mavros ``` 4. Build your workspace with `python_catkin_tools` (therefore you need `python_catkin_tools`) ``` $ cd ~/catkin_ws/ $ catkin init # If you haven't done this before. $ catkin build ``` > **Note** if you are getting errors related to "future" package, you may need python future: ``` sudo apt-get install python-pip pip install --upgrade pip pip install future ``` 5. Add sourcing to your `.bashrc` file ``` $ echo "source ~/catkin_ws/devel/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc $ source ~/.bashrc ``` Basic Usage ----------- Launch the simulator with a hex-rotor helicopter model, in our case, the AscTec Firefly in a basic world. ``` $ roslaunch rotors_gazebo mav_hovering_example.launch mav_name:=firefly world_name:=basic ``` > **Note** The first run of gazebo might take considerably long, as it will download some models from an online database. Should you receive a timeout error, try running gazebo by itself (e.g. roslaunch gazebo_ros empty_world.launch ) so it has sufficient time to actually download all of the models. The simulator starts by default in paused mode. To start it you can either - use the Gazebo GUI and press the play button - or you can send the following service call. ``` $ rosservice call gazebo/unpause_physics ``` There are some basic launch files where you can load the different multicopters with additional sensors. They can all be found in `~/catkin_ws/src/rotors_simulator/rotors_gazebo/launch`. The `world_name` argument looks for a .world file with a corresponding name in `~/catkin_ws/src/rotors_simulator/rotors_gazebo/worlds`. By default, all launch files, with the exception of those that have the world name explicitly included in the file name, use the empty world described in `basic.world`. ### Getting the multicopter to fly To let the multicopter fly you need to generate thrust with the rotors, this is achieved by sending commands to the multicopter, which make the rotors spin. There are currently a few ways to send commands to the multicopter, we will show one of them here. The rest is documented [here](../../wiki) in our Wiki. We will here also show how to write a stabilizing controller and how you can control the multicopter with a joystick. #### Send direct motor commands We will for now just send some constant motor velocities to the multicopter. ``` $ rostopic pub /firefly/command/motor_speed mav_msgs/Actuators '{angular_velocities: [100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100]}' ``` > **Note** The size of the `motor_speed` array should be equal to the number of motors you have in your model of choice (e.g. 6 in the Firefly model). You should see (if you unpaused the simulator and you have a multicopter in it), that the rotors start spinning. The thrust generated by these motor velocities is not enough though to let the multicopter take off. > You can play with the numbers and will realize that the Firefly will take off with motor speeds of about 545 on each rotor. The multicopter is unstable though, since there is no controller running, if you just set the motor speeds. #### Let the helicopter hover with ground truth odometry You can let the helicopter hover with ground tru