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TASKING VX-toolset for 8051

User Guide

MA164-800 (v6.2r2) March 12, 2018

Table of Contents

1. C Language .................................................................................................................. 1

1.1. Data Types ......................................................................................................... 1

1.2. Accessing Memory .............................................................................................. 3

1.2.1. Memory Type Qualifiers .............................................................................. 3

1.2.2. Memory Models ........................................................................................ 5

1.2.3. Placing an Object at an Absolute Address: __at() ............................................ 7

1.2.4. Accessing Bits .......................................................................................... 8

1.2.5. Accessing Hardware from C: __sfr, __bsfr .................................................... 10

1.3. Shift JIS Kanji Support ........................................................................................ 11

1.4. Using Assembly in the C Source: __asm() .............................................................. 12

1.5. Attributes ......................................................................................................... 19

1.6. Pragmas to Control the Compiler .......................................................................... 23

1.7. Predefined Preprocessor Macros .......................................................................... 28

1.8. Variables .......................................................................................................... 29

1.8.1. Automatic Variables ................................................................................. 29

1.8.2. Initialized Variables .................................................................................. 30

1.8.3. Non-Initialized Variables ........................................................................... 30

1.9. Strings ............................................................................................................ 30

1.10. Switch Statement ............................................................................................. 32

1.11. Functions ....................................................................................................... 33

1.11.1. Calling Convention ................................................................................. 33

1.11.2. Stack Usage ......................................................................................... 34

1.11.3. Register Usage ..................................................................................... 37

1.11.4. Inlining Functions: inline .......................................................................... 38

1.11.5. Interrupt Functions ................................................................................. 39

1.11.6. Intrinsic Functions ................................................................................. 42

1.12. Section Naming ............................................................................................... 45

2. Assembly Language ..................................................................................................... 47

2.1. Assembly Syntax ............................................................................................... 47

2.2. Assembler Significant Characters .......................................................................... 48

2.3. Operands of an Assembly Instruction ..................................................................... 49

2.4. Symbol Names .................................................................................................. 49

2.4.1. Predefined Preprocessor Symbols .............................................................. 50

2.5. Registers ......................................................................................................... 51

2.6. Special Function Registers .................................................................................. 51

2.7. Assembly Expressions ........................................................................................ 52

2.7.1. Numeric Constants .................................................................................. 53

2.7.2. Strings .................................................................................................. 53

2.7.3. Expression Operators .............................................................................. 54

2.7.4. Symbol Types and Expression Types ........................................................... 55

2.8. Macro Preprocessing .......................................................................................... 56

2.8.1. Defining and Calling Macros ...................................................................... 57

2.8.2. Local Symbols in Macros .......................................................................... 60

2.8.3. Built-in Macro Preprocessing Functions ....................................................... 61

2.8.4. Macro Delimiters ..................................................................................... 91

2.8.5. Literal Mode versus Normal Mode .............................................................. 94

2.8.6. Algorithm for Evaluating Macro Calls ........................................................... 96

2.9. Assembler Directives and Controls ........................................................................ 97

iii

2.9.1. Assembler Directives ............................................................................... 98

2.9.2. Assembler Controls ................................................................................ 123

2.10. Generic Instructions ........................................................................................ 146

3. Using the C Compiler .................................................................................................. 147

3.1. Compilation Process ......................................................................................... 147

3.2. Calling the C Compiler ...................................................................................... 148

3.3. The C Startup Code .......................................................................................... 150

3.4. How the Compiler Searches Include Files ............................................................. 152

3.5. Compiling for Debugging ................................................................................... 153

3.6. Compiler Optimizations ..................................................................................... 154

3.6.1. Generic Optimizations (frontend) .............................................................. 155

3.6.2. Core Specific Optimizations (backend) ....................................................... 156

3.6.3. Optimize for Code Size or Execution Speed ................................................ 157

3.7. Static Code Analysis ......................................................................................... 159

3.7.1. C Code Checking: CERT C ...................................................................... 160

3.7.2. C Code Checking: MISRA C .................................................................... 162

3.8. C Compiler Error Messages ............................................................................... 164

4. Profiling .................................................................................................................... 167

4.1. What is Profiling? ............................................................................................. 167

4.2. Profiling at Compile Time (Static Profiling) ............................................................. 168

4.2.1. Step 1: Build your Application with Static Profiling ......................................... 168

4.2.2. Step 2: Displaying Static Profiling Results ................................................... 169

5. Using the Assembler ................................................................................................... 173

5.1. Assembly Process ............................................................................................ 173

5.2. Calling the Assembler ....................................................................................... 174

5.3. How the Assembler Searches Include Files ........................................................... 175

5.4. Assembler Optimizations ................................................................................... 176

5.5. Generating a List File ........................................................................................ 177

5.6. Assembler Error Messages ................................................................................ 177

6. Using the Linker ......................................................................................................... 179

6.1. Linking Process ............................................................................................... 179

6.1.1. Phase 1: Linking .................................................................................... 181

6.1.2. Phase 2: Locating .................................................................................. 182

6.2. Calling the Linker ............................................................................................. 183

6.3. Linking with Libraries ........................................................................................ 184

6.3.1. How the Linker Searches Libraries ............................................................ 186

6.3.2. How the Linker Extracts Objects from Libraries ............................................ 187

6.4. Incremental Linking .......................................................................................... 187

6.5. Importing Binary Files ....................................................................................... 188

6.6. Linker Optimizations ......................................................................................... 189

6.7. Controlling the Linker with a Script ....................................................................... 190

6.7.1. Purpose of the Linker Script Language ...................................................... 190

6.7.2. Eclipse and LSL .................................................................................... 191

6.7.3. Structure of a Linker Script File ................................................................ 193

6.7.4. The Architecture Definition ...................................................................... 196

6.7.5. The Derivative Definition ......................................................................... 198

6.7.6. The Processor Definition ......................................................................... 200

6.7.7. The Memory Definition ............................................................................ 200

6.7.8. The Section Layout Definition: Locating Sections .......................................... 202

6.8. Linker Labels .................................................................................................. 203

TASKING VX-toolset for 8051 User Guide

6.9. Generating a Map File ....................................................................................... 205

6.10. Linker Error Messages .................................................................................... 206

7. Using the Utilities ........................................................................................................ 209

7.1. Control Program .............................................................................................. 209

7.2. Make Utility amk .............................................................................................. 211

7.2.1. Makefile Rules ...................................................................................... 211

7.2.2. Makefile Directives ................................................................................. 213

7.2.3. Macro Definitions ................................................................................... 213

7.2.4. Makefile Functions ................................................................................. 216

7.2.5. Conditional Processing ........................................................................... 216

7.2.6. Makefile Parsing .................................................................................... 217

7.2.7. Makefile Command Processing ................................................................ 218

7.2.8. Calling the amk Make Utility ..................................................................... 219

7.3. Make Utility mk51 ............................................................................................. 220

7.3.1. Calling the Make Utility ........................................................................... 221

7.3.2. Writing a Makefile .................................................................................. 222

7.4. Archiver ......................................................................................................... 231

7.4.1. Calling the Archiver ................................................................................ 231

7.4.2. Archiver Examples ................................................................................. 233

7.5. HLL Object Dumper .......................................................................................... 235

7.5.1. Invocation ............................................................................................ 235

7.5.2. HLL Dump Output Format ....................................................................... 235

7.6. Expire Cache Utility .......................................................................................... 241

8. Using the Debugger .................................................................................................... 243

8.1. Reading the Eclipse Documentation .................................................................... 243

8.2. Debugging an 8051 Project ................................................................................ 243

8.3. Creating a Customized Debug Configuration ......................................................... 244

8.4. Troubleshooting ............................................................................................... 251

8.5. TASKING Debug Perspective .............................................................................. 251

8.5.1. Debug View .......................................................................................... 252

8.5.2. Breakpoints View ................................................................................... 254

8.5.3. File System Simulation (FSS) View ........................................................... 255

8.5.4. Disassembly View .................................................................................. 256

8.5.5. Expressions View .................................................................................. 256

8.5.6. Memory View ........................................................................................ 257

8.5.7. Compare Application View ....................................................................... 258

8.5.8. Heap View ........................................................................................... 258

8.5.9. Logging View ........................................................................................ 259

8.5.10. RTOS View ......................................................................................... 259

8.5.11. Registers View .................................................................................... 259

8.5.12. Trace View .......................................................................................... 260

9. Tool Options .............................................................................................................. 261

9.1. Configuring the Command Line Environment ......................................................... 265

9.2. C Compiler Options .......................................................................................... 267

9.3. Assembler Options ........................................................................................... 337

9.4. Linker Options ................................................................................................. 382

9.5. Control Program Options ................................................................................... 426

9.6. Make Utility Options .......................................................................................... 482

9.7. Parallel Make Utility Options ............................................................................... 510

9.8. Archiver Options .............................................................................................. 524

TASKING VX-toolset for 8051 User Guide

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