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TASKING VX-toolset for PCP

User Guide

MA161-800 (v6.2r2) March 06, 2018

Table of Contents

1. C Language .................................................................................................................. 1

1.1. Data Types ......................................................................................................... 1

1.1.1. Changing the Alignment: __align() ................................................................ 3

1.2. Accessing Memory .............................................................................................. 3

1.2.1. Memory Type Qualifiers .............................................................................. 3

1.2.2. Pointers .................................................................................................. 4

1.2.3. Placing an Object at an Absolute Address: __at() ............................................ 5

1.2.4. Accessing Hardware from C ........................................................................ 6

1.3. Shift JIS Kanji Support ......................................................................................... 7

1.4. Using Assembly in the C Source: __asm() ................................................................ 8

1.5. Attributes ......................................................................................................... 14

1.6. Pragmas to Control the Compiler .......................................................................... 18

1.7. Predefined Preprocessor Macros .......................................................................... 22

1.8. Switch Statement ............................................................................................... 24

1.9. Functions ......................................................................................................... 25

1.9.1. Calling Convention .................................................................................. 25

1.9.2. Register Usage ....................................................................................... 26

1.9.3. Inlining Functions: inline ........................................................................... 26

1.9.4. Interrupt Functions .................................................................................. 28

1.9.5. Intrinsic Functions ................................................................................... 30

1.10. PCP Code Generation ...................................................................................... 37

1.10.1. Non-interruptible Code Generation ............................................................ 38

1.10.2. Interruptible Code Generation .................................................................. 38

1.11. Compiler Generated Sections ............................................................................. 41

1.11.1. Rename Sections .................................................................................. 42

2. Assembly Language ..................................................................................................... 45

2.1. Assembly Syntax ............................................................................................... 45

2.2. Assembler Significant Characters .......................................................................... 46

2.3. Operands of an Assembly Instruction ..................................................................... 47

2.4. Symbol Names .................................................................................................. 47

2.4.1. Predefined Preprocessor Symbols .............................................................. 48

2.5. Registers ......................................................................................................... 48

2.5.1. Special Function Registers ........................................................................ 49

2.6. Assembly Expressions ........................................................................................ 49

2.6.1. Numeric Constants .................................................................................. 50

2.6.2. Strings .................................................................................................. 50

2.6.3. Expression Operators .............................................................................. 51

2.7. Working with Sections ......................................................................................... 52

2.8. Built-in Assembly Functions ................................................................................. 53

2.9. Assembler Directives and Controls ........................................................................ 65

2.9.1. Assembler Directives ............................................................................... 66

2.9.2. Assembler Controls ................................................................................ 113

2.10. Macro Operations ........................................................................................... 125

2.10.1. Defining a Macro ................................................................................. 125

2.10.2. Calling a Macro ................................................................................... 125

2.10.3. Using Operators for Macro Arguments ..................................................... 126

2.11. Generic Instructions ........................................................................................ 130

3. Using the C Compiler .................................................................................................. 133

iii

3.1. Compilation Process ......................................................................................... 133

3.2. Calling the C Compiler ...................................................................................... 134

3.3. The C Startup Code .......................................................................................... 136

3.4. How the Compiler Searches Include Files ............................................................. 137

3.5. Compiling for Debugging ................................................................................... 137

3.6. Compiler Optimizations ..................................................................................... 138

3.6.1. Generic Optimizations (frontend) .............................................................. 139

3.6.2. Core Specific Optimizations (backend) ....................................................... 142

3.6.3. Optimize for Code Size or Execution Speed ................................................ 143

3.6.4. Static Stack Alignment Optimizations ......................................................... 146

3.7. Static Code Analysis ......................................................................................... 147

3.7.1. C Code Checking: CERT C ...................................................................... 148

3.7.2. C Code Checking: MISRA C .................................................................... 150

3.8. C Compiler Error Messages ............................................................................... 151

4. Using the Assembler ................................................................................................... 153

4.1. Assembly Process ............................................................................................ 153

4.2. Calling the Assembler ....................................................................................... 154

4.3. How the Assembler Searches Include Files ........................................................... 155

4.4. Assembler Optimizations ................................................................................... 156

4.5. Generating a List File ........................................................................................ 156

4.6. Assembler Error Messages ................................................................................ 157

5. Using the Linker ......................................................................................................... 159

5.1. Linking Process ............................................................................................... 159

5.1.1. Phase 1: Linking .................................................................................... 161

5.1.2. Phase 2: Locating .................................................................................. 162

5.2. Calling the Linker ............................................................................................. 163

5.3. Linking with Libraries ........................................................................................ 164

5.3.1. How the Linker Searches Libraries ............................................................ 166

5.3.2. How the Linker Extracts Objects from Libraries ............................................ 167

5.4. Incremental Linking .......................................................................................... 167

5.5. Importing Binary Files ....................................................................................... 168

5.6. Linker Optimizations ......................................................................................... 169

5.7. Controlling the Linker with a Script ....................................................................... 170

5.7.1. Purpose of the Linker Script Language ...................................................... 170

5.7.2. Eclipse and LSL .................................................................................... 171

5.7.3. Structure of a Linker Script File ................................................................ 173

5.7.4. The Architecture Definition ...................................................................... 177

5.7.5. The Derivative Definition ......................................................................... 179

5.7.6. The Processor Definition ......................................................................... 182

5.7.7. The Memory Definition ............................................................................ 182

5.7.8. The Section Layout Definition: Locating Sections .......................................... 184

5.8. Linker Labels .................................................................................................. 185

5.9. Generating a Map File ....................................................................................... 188

5.10. Linker Error Messages .................................................................................... 189

6. Using the Utilities ........................................................................................................ 191

6.1. Control Program .............................................................................................. 191

6.2. Make Utility amk .............................................................................................. 193

6.2.1. Makefile Rules ...................................................................................... 193

6.2.2. Makefile Directives ................................................................................. 195

6.2.3. Macro Definitions ................................................................................... 195

TASKING VX-toolset for PCP User Guide

6.2.4. Makefile Functions ................................................................................. 198

6.2.5. Conditional Processing ........................................................................... 198

6.2.6. Makefile Parsing .................................................................................... 199

6.2.7. Makefile Command Processing ................................................................ 200

6.2.8. Calling the amk Make Utility ..................................................................... 201

6.3. Make Utility mkpcp ........................................................................................... 202

6.3.1. Calling the Make Utility ........................................................................... 203

6.3.2. Writing a Makefile .................................................................................. 204

6.4. Archiver ......................................................................................................... 213

6.4.1. Calling the Archiver ................................................................................ 213

6.4.2. Archiver Examples ................................................................................. 215

6.5. Expire Cache Utility .......................................................................................... 217

7. Using the Debugger .................................................................................................... 219

7.1. Reading the Eclipse Documentation .................................................................... 219

7.2. Debugging a PCP Project .................................................................................. 219

7.3. Creating a Customized Debug Configuration ......................................................... 220

7.4. Troubleshooting ............................................................................................... 227

7.5. TASKING Debug Perspective .............................................................................. 227

7.5.1. Debug View .......................................................................................... 228

7.5.2. Breakpoints View ................................................................................... 230

7.5.3. File System Simulation (FSS) View ........................................................... 231

7.5.4. Disassembly View .................................................................................. 232

7.5.5. Expressions View .................................................................................. 232

7.5.6. Memory View ........................................................................................ 233

7.5.7. Compare Application View ....................................................................... 234

7.5.8. Heap View ........................................................................................... 234

7.5.9. Logging View ........................................................................................ 235

7.5.10. RTOS View ......................................................................................... 235

7.5.11. Registers View .................................................................................... 235

7.5.12. Trace View .......................................................................................... 236

7.6. PCP Simulator Configuration .............................................................................. 237

8. Tool Options .............................................................................................................. 239

8.1. Configuring the Command Line Environment ......................................................... 243

8.2. C Compiler Options .......................................................................................... 245

8.3. Assembler Options ........................................................................................... 311

8.4. Linker Options ................................................................................................. 349

8.5. Control Program Options ................................................................................... 393

8.6. Make Utility Options .......................................................................................... 443

8.7. Parallel Make Utility Options ............................................................................... 471

8.8. Archiver Options .............................................................................................. 485

8.9. Expire Cache Utility Options ............................................................................... 500

9. Influencing the Build Time ............................................................................................ 511

9.1. SFR File ......................................................................................................... 511

9.2. MIL Linking ..................................................................................................... 511

9.3. Optimization Options ........................................................................................ 511

9.4. Automatic Inlining ............................................................................................. 512

9.5. Code Compaction ............................................................................................ 512

9.6. Compiler Cache ............................................................................................... 512

9.7. Header Files ................................................................................................... 513

9.8. Parallel Build ................................................................................................... 513

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