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TASKING VX-toolset for

TriCore User Guide

MA160-800 (v6.3r1) April 01, 2019

Table of Contents

1. C Language .................................................................................................................. 1

1.1. Data Types ......................................................................................................... 2

1.1.1. Half Precision Floating-Point ....................................................................... 3

1.1.2. Fractional Types ........................................................................................ 4

1.1.3. Packed Data Types .................................................................................... 5

1.1.4. Changing the Alignment: __unaligned, __packed__ and __align() ....................... 7

1.2. Accessing Memory .............................................................................................. 8

1.2.1. Memory Qualifiers ..................................................................................... 8

1.2.2. Placing an Object at an Absolute Address: __at() ........................................... 11

1.2.3. Accessing Bits ........................................................................................ 12

1.3. Data Type Qualifiers ........................................................................................... 13

1.3.1. Circular Buffers: __circ ............................................................................. 13

1.3.2. Accessing Hardware from C ...................................................................... 14

1.3.3. Saturation: __sat ..................................................................................... 16

1.3.4. External MCS RAM Data References: __mcsram ........................................... 16

1.3.5. External PCP PRAM Data References: __pram ............................................. 17

1.3.6. Shared Data between TriCore and PCP: __share_pcp .................................... 17

1.4. Multi-Core Support ............................................................................................. 19

1.4.1. Scratchpad RAM ..................................................................................... 19

1.4.2. Program Flash Memory (PFLASH) ............................................................. 20

1.4.3. Distributed Local Memory Unit SRAM (DLMU) .............................................. 21

1.4.4. Compile Time Core Association ................................................................. 21

1.5. Shift JIS Kanji Support ........................................................................................ 29

1.6. Using Assembly in the C Source: __asm() .............................................................. 30

1.7. Attributes ......................................................................................................... 36

1.8. Pragmas to Control the Compiler .......................................................................... 41

1.9. Predefined Preprocessor Macros .......................................................................... 50

1.10. Switch Statement ............................................................................................. 51

1.11. Functions ....................................................................................................... 53

1.11.1. Calling Convention ................................................................................. 53

1.11.2. Register Usage ..................................................................................... 55

1.11.3. Inlining Functions: inline .......................................................................... 55

1.11.4. Interrupt and Trap Functions .................................................................... 57

1.11.5. Intrinsic Functions ................................................................................. 64

1.12. Compiler Generated Sections ............................................................................. 79

1.12.1. Rename Sections .................................................................................. 80

1.12.2. Influence Section Definition ..................................................................... 82

2. C++ Language ............................................................................................................ 83

2.1. C++ Language Extension Keywords ...................................................................... 83

2.2. C++ Dialect Accepted ......................................................................................... 83

2.2.1. C++03 Mode .......................................................................................... 84

2.2.2. GNU C++ Mode ...................................................................................... 85

2.2.3. Anachronisms Accepted ........................................................................... 86

2.2.4. Atomic Operations ................................................................................... 87

2.3. Namespace Support .......................................................................................... 89

2.4. Template Instantiation ......................................................................................... 90

2.4.1. Instantiation Modes ................................................................................. 91

2.4.2. Instantiation #pragma Directives ................................................................. 92

iii

2.4.3. Implicit Inclusion ..................................................................................... 93

2.5. Inlining Functions ............................................................................................... 94

2.6. Extern Inline Functions ....................................................................................... 95

2.7. Pragmas to Control the C++ Compiler .................................................................... 95

2.7.1. C pragmas Supported by the C++ compiler .................................................. 96

2.8. Predefined Macros ............................................................................................. 97

2.9. Precompiled Headers ....................................................................................... 101

2.9.1. Automatic Precompiled Header Processing ................................................. 101

2.9.2. Manual Precompiled Header Processing .................................................... 104

2.9.3. Other Ways to Control Precompiled Headers ............................................... 104

2.9.4. Performance Issues ............................................................................... 105

3. Assembly Language .................................................................................................... 107

3.1. Assembly Syntax ............................................................................................. 107

3.1.1. Deviations from the Instruction Set Manual ................................................. 108

3.2. Assembler Significant Characters ........................................................................ 109

3.3. Operands of an Assembly Instruction ................................................................... 109

3.4. Symbol Names ................................................................................................ 110

3.4.1. Predefined Preprocessor Symbols ............................................................ 110

3.5. Registers ........................................................................................................ 111

3.5.1. Special Function Registers ...................................................................... 112

3.6. Assembly Expressions ...................................................................................... 112

3.6.1. Numeric Constants ................................................................................ 113

3.6.2. Strings ................................................................................................ 113

3.6.3. Expression Operators ............................................................................. 114

3.7. Working with Sections ....................................................................................... 115

3.8. Built-in Assembly Functions ............................................................................... 117

3.9. Assembler Directives and Controls ...................................................................... 130

3.9.1. Assembler Directives .............................................................................. 131

3.9.2. Assembler Controls ................................................................................ 176

3.10. Macro Operations ........................................................................................... 192

3.10.1. Defining a Macro ................................................................................. 192

3.10.2. Calling a Macro ................................................................................... 192

3.10.3. Using Operators for Macro Arguments ..................................................... 193

4. Using the C Compiler .................................................................................................. 199

4.1. Compilation Process ......................................................................................... 199

4.2. Calling the C Compiler ...................................................................................... 200

4.3. The C Startup Code .......................................................................................... 202

4.4. How the Compiler Searches Include Files ............................................................. 206

4.5. Compiling for Debugging ................................................................................... 206

4.6. Compiler Optimizations ..................................................................................... 207

4.6.1. Generic Optimizations (frontend) .............................................................. 208

4.6.2. Core Specific Optimizations (backend) ....................................................... 211

4.6.3. Optimize for Code Size or Execution Speed ................................................ 214

4.7. Static Code Analysis ......................................................................................... 217

4.7.1. C Code Checking: CERT C ...................................................................... 218

4.7.2. C Code Checking: MISRA C .................................................................... 220

4.8. C Compiler Error Messages ............................................................................... 222

5. Using the C++ Compiler ............................................................................................... 225

5.1. Calling the C++ Compiler ................................................................................... 225

5.2. How the C++ Compiler Searches Include Files ....................................................... 227

TASKING VX-toolset for TriCore User Guide

5.3. C++ Compiler Error Messages ............................................................................ 228

6. Using the Assembler ................................................................................................... 231

6.1. Assembly Process ............................................................................................ 231

6.2. Calling the Assembler ....................................................................................... 232

6.3. How the Assembler Searches Include Files ........................................................... 233

6.4. Assembler Optimizations ................................................................................... 234

6.5. Generating a List File ........................................................................................ 235

6.6. Assembler Error Messages ................................................................................ 235

7. Using the Linker ......................................................................................................... 237

7.1. Linking Process ............................................................................................... 238

7.1.1. Phase 1: Linking .................................................................................... 239

7.1.2. Phase 2: Locating .................................................................................. 240

7.2. Calling the Linker ............................................................................................. 242

7.3. Linking with Libraries ........................................................................................ 243

7.3.1. How the Linker Searches Libraries ............................................................ 245

7.3.2. How the Linker Extracts Objects from Libraries ............................................ 246

7.4. Incremental Linking .......................................................................................... 247

7.5. Cross-Linking .................................................................................................. 248

7.6. Linking Core-Specific Projects into a Multi-Core Application ...................................... 249

7.7. Importing Binary Files ....................................................................................... 251

7.8. Linker Optimizations ......................................................................................... 252

7.9. Controlling the Linker with a Script ....................................................................... 254

7.9.1. Purpose of the Linker Script Language ...................................................... 254

7.9.2. Eclipse and LSL .................................................................................... 254

7.9.3. Preprocessor Macros in the Linker Script Files ............................................ 256

7.9.4. Structure of a Linker Script File ................................................................ 258

7.9.5. The Architecture Definition ...................................................................... 262

7.9.6. The Derivative Definition ......................................................................... 265

7.9.7. The Processor Definition ......................................................................... 268

7.9.8. The Memory Definition ............................................................................ 268

7.9.9. The Section Layout Definition: Locating Sections .......................................... 270

7.9.10. Locating in a Multi-core Processor Environment ......................................... 272

7.9.11. Locating Private Sections in ROM ........................................................... 274

7.9.12. Stack Size Estimation ........................................................................... 275

7.9.13. MPU Configuration Data ........................................................................ 280

7.9.14. Boot Mode Headers ............................................................................. 283

7.9.15. Booting AURIX SCR ............................................................................. 289

7.10. Linker Labels ................................................................................................. 289

7.11. Generating a Map File ..................................................................................... 292

7.12. Linker Error Messages .................................................................................... 292

8. Using the Utilities ........................................................................................................ 295

8.1. Control Program .............................................................................................. 295

8.2. Make Utility amk .............................................................................................. 297

8.2.1. Makefile Rules ...................................................................................... 297

8.2.2. Makefile Directives ................................................................................. 299

8.2.3. Macro Definitions ................................................................................... 299

8.2.4. Makefile Functions ................................................................................. 301

8.2.5. Conditional Processing ........................................................................... 302

8.2.6. Makefile Parsing .................................................................................... 302

8.2.7. Makefile Command Processing ................................................................ 303

TASKING VX-toolset for TriCore User Guide

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