没有合适的资源?快使用搜索试试~ 我知道了~
ISO IEC 9899 1999 (C99)
需积分: 13 1 下载量 194 浏览量
2019-04-30
22:41:07
上传
评论
收藏 1.01MB PDF 举报
温馨提示
试读
551页
ISO IEC 9899 1999 (C99)
资源推荐
资源详情
资源评论
©ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E)
Contents
Foreword ............................. xi
Introduction ............................ xiv
1. Scope ............................. 1
2. Normative references ....................... 2
3. Terms, definitions, and symbols ................... 3
4. Conformance .......................... 7
5. Environment .......................... 9
5.1 Conceptual models ..................... 9
5.1.1 Translation environment ................ 9
5.1.2 Execution environments ................ 11
5.2 Environmental considerations ................. 17
5.2.1 Character sets .................... 17
5.2.2 Character display semantics .............. 19
5.2.3 Signals and interrupts ................. 20
5.2.4 Environmental limits ................. 20
6. Language ............................ 29
6.1 Notation .......................... 29
6.2 Concepts ......................... 29
6.2.1 Scopes of identifiers ................. 29
6.2.2 Linkages of identifiers ................. 30
6.2.3 Name spaces of identifiers ............... 31
6.2.4 Storage durations of objects .............. 32
6.2.5 Types ....................... 33
6.2.6 Representations of types ................ 37
6.2.7 Compatible type and composite type ........... 40
6.3 Conversions ........................ 42
6.3.1 Arithmetic operands ................. 42
6.3.2 Other operands ................... 46
6.4 Lexical elements ...................... 49
6.4.1 Keywords ...................... 50
6.4.2 Identifiers ...................... 51
6.4.3 Universal character names ............... 53
6.4.4 Constants ...................... 54
6.4.5 String literals .................... 62
6.4.6 Punctuators ..................... 63
6.4.7 Header names .................... 64
6.4.8 Preprocessing numbers ................ 65
6.4.9 Comments ..................... 66
6.5 Expressions ........................ 67
Contents iii
ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E) ©ISO/IEC
6.5.1 Primary expressions ................. 69
6.5.2 Postfix operators ................... 69
6.5.3 Unary operators ................... 78
6.5.4 Cast operators .................... 81
6.5.5 Multiplicative operators ................ 82
6.5.6 Additive operators .................. 82
6.5.7 Bitwise shift operators ................. 84
6.5.8 Relational operators .................. 85
6.5.9 Equality operators .................. 86
6.5.10 Bitwise
AND operator ................. 87
6.5.11 Bitwise exclusive
OR operator ............. 88
6.5.12 Bitwise inclusive
OR operator .............. 88
6.5.13 Logical
AND operator ................. 89
6.5.14 Logical
OR operator ................. 89
6.5.15 Conditional operator ................. 90
6.5.16 Assignment operators ................. 91
6.5.17 Comma operator ................... 94
6.6 Constant expressions ..................... 95
6.7 Declarations ........................ 97
6.7.1 Storage-class specifiers ................ 98
6.7.2 Type specifiers .................... 99
6.7.3 Type qualifiers ....................108
6.7.4 Function specifiers ..................112
6.7.5 Declarators .....................114
6.7.6 Type names .....................122
6.7.7 Type definitions ...................123
6.7.8 Initialization ....................125
6.8 Statements and blocks ....................131
6.8.1 Labeled statements ..................131
6.8.2 Compound statement .................132
6.8.3 Expression and null statements .............132
6.8.4 Selection statements .................133
6.8.5 Iteration statements ..................135
6.8.6 Jump statements ...................136
6.9 External definitions .....................140
6.9.1 Function definitions ..................141
6.9.2 External object definitions ...............143
6.10 Preprocessing directives ...................145
6.10.1 Conditional inclusion .................147
6.10.2 Source file inclusion .................149
6.10.3 Macro replacement ..................151
6.10.4 Line control .....................158
6.10.5 Error directive ....................159
6.10.6 Pragma directive ...................159
iv Contents
©ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E)
6.10.7 Null directive ....................160
6.10.8 Predefined macro names ................160
6.10.9 Pragma operator ...................161
6.11 Future language directions ..................163
6.11.1 Floating types ....................163
6.11.2 Linkages of identifiers .................163
6.11.3 External names ...................163
6.11.4 Character escape sequences ..............163
6.11.5 Storage-class specifiers ................163
6.11.6 Function declarators .................163
6.11.7 Function definitions ..................163
6.11.8 Pragma directives ..................163
6.11.9 Predefined macro names ................163
7. Library .............................164
7.1 Introduction ........................164
7.1.1 Definitions of terms ..................164
7.1.2 Standard headers ...................165
7.1.3 Reserved identifiers ..................166
7.1.4 Use of library functions ................166
7.2 Diagnostics <assert.h> ..................169
7.2.1 Program diagnostics .................169
7.3 Complex arithmetic <complex.h> ..............170
7.3.1 Introduction .....................170
7.3.2 Conventions .....................171
7.3.3 Branch cuts .....................171
7.3.4 The CX_LIMITED_RANGE pragma ...........171
7.3.5 Trigonometric functions ................172
7.3.6 Hyperbolic functions .................174
7.3.7 Exponential and logarithmic functions ..........176
7.3.8 Power and absolute-value functions ...........177
7.3.9 Manipulation functions ................178
7.4 Character handling <ctype.h> ................181
7.4.1 Character classification functions ............181
7.4.2 Character case mapping functions ............184
7.5 Errors <errno.h> .....................186
7.6 Floating-point environment <fenv.h> .............187
7.6.1 The FENV_ACCESS pragma ..............189
7.6.2 Floating-point exceptions ...............190
7.6.3 Rounding ......................192
7.6.4 Environment ....................194
7.7 Characteristics of floating types <float.h> ...........196
7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> ........197
7.8.1 Macros for format specifiers ..............197
7.8.2 Functions for greatest-width integer types .........198
Contents v
ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E) ©ISO/IEC
7.9 Alternative spellings <iso646.h> ...............201
7.10 Sizes of integer types <limits.h> ..............202
7.11 Localization <locale.h> ..................203
7.11.1 Locale control ....................204
7.11.2 Numeric formatting convention inquiry ..........205
7.12 Mathematics <math.h> ...................211
7.12.1 Treatment of error conditions ..............213
7.12.2 The FP_CONTRACT pragma ..............214
7.12.3 Classification macros .................215
7.12.4 Trigonometric functions ................217
7.12.5 Hyperbolic functions .................220
7.12.6 Exponential and logarithmic functions ..........222
7.12.7 Power and absolute-value functions ...........227
7.12.8 Error and gamma functions ...............229
7.12.9 Nearest integer functions ................230
7.12.10 Remainder functions .................234
7.12.11 Manipulation functions ................235
7.12.12 Maximum, minimum, and positive difference functions ...237
7.12.13 Floating multiply-add .................238
7.12.14 Comparison macros ..................239
7.13 Nonlocal jumps <setjmp.h> ................242
7.13.1 Save calling environment ...............242
7.13.2 Restore calling environment ..............243
7.14 Signal handling <signal.h> .................245
7.14.1 Specify signal handling ................246
7.14.2 Send signal .....................247
7.15 Variable arguments <stdarg.h> ...............248
7.15.1 Variable argument list access macros ...........248
7.16 Boolean type and values <stdbool.h> ............252
7.17 Common definitions <stddef.h> ...............253
7.18 Integer types <stdint.h> ..................254
7.18.1 Integer types ....................254
7.18.2 Limits of specified-width integer types ..........256
7.18.3 Limits of other integer types ..............258
7.18.4 Macros for integer constants ..............259
7.19 Input/output <stdio.h> ..................261
7.19.1 Introduction .....................261
7.19.2 Streams ......................263
7.19.3 Files ........................265
7.19.4 Operations on files ..................267
7.19.5 File access functions .................269
7.19.6 Formatted input/output functions ............273
7.19.7 Character input/output functions .............294
7.19.8 Direct input/output functions ..............299
vi Contents
©ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 9899:1999 (E)
7.19.9 File positioning functions ...............300
7.19.10 Error-handling functions ................303
7.20 General utilities <stdlib.h> ................305
7.20.1 Numeric conversion functions ..............306
7.20.2 Pseudo-random sequence generation functions .......311
7.20.3 Memory management functions .............312
7.20.4 Communication with the environment ..........314
7.20.5 Searching and sorting utilities ..............317
7.20.6 Integer arithmetic functions ..............319
7.20.7 Multibyte/wide character conversion functions .......320
7.20.8 Multibyte/wide string conversion functions ........322
7.21 String handling <string.h> .................324
7.21.1 String function conventions ...............324
7.21.2 Copying functions ..................324
7.21.3 Concatenation functions ................326
7.21.4 Comparison functions .................327
7.21.5 Search functions ...................329
7.21.6 Miscellaneous functions ................332
7.22 Type-generic math <tgmath.h> ...............334
7.23 Date and time <time.h> ..................337
7.23.1 Components of time .................337
7.23.2 Time manipulation functions ..............338
7.23.3 Time conversion functions ...............340
7.24 Extended multibyte and wide character utilities <wchar.h> .....347
7.24.1 Introduction .....................347
7.24.2 Formatted wide character input/output functions ......348
7.24.3 Wide character input/output functions ..........366
7.24.4 General wide string utilities ..............370
7.24.5 Wide character time conversion functions .........384
7.24.6 Extended multibyte/wide character conversion utilities ....385
7.25 Wide character classification and mapping utilities <wctype.h> ...392
7.25.1 Introduction .....................392
7.25.2 Wide character classification utilities ...........393
7.25.3 Wide character case mapping utilities ...........398
7.26 Future library directions ...................400
7.26.1 Complex arithmetic <complex.h> ...........400
7.26.2 Character handling <ctype.h> ............400
7.26.3 Errors <errno.h> .................400
7.26.4 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> ....400
7.26.5 Localization <locale.h> ..............400
7.26.6 Signal handling <signal.h> .............400
7.26.7 Boolean type and values <stdbool.h> .........400
7.26.8 Integer types <stdint.h> ..............400
7.26.9 Input/output <stdio.h> ...............401
Contents vii
剩余550页未读,继续阅读
资源评论
柚子君.
- 粉丝: 0
- 资源: 573
上传资源 快速赚钱
- 我的内容管理 展开
- 我的资源 快来上传第一个资源
- 我的收益 登录查看自己的收益
- 我的积分 登录查看自己的积分
- 我的C币 登录后查看C币余额
- 我的收藏
- 我的下载
- 下载帮助
安全验证
文档复制为VIP权益,开通VIP直接复制
信息提交成功