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9899:1990

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/ ANSIIISO9899-1990

for Programming Languages -

American National Standards Institute

11 West 42nd Street

New York, New York

10036

American

National

Standard

Approval of an American National Standard requires review by ANSI that the

requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have

been met by the standards developer.

Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards

Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially

affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple

majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and

objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their

resolution.

The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their existence

does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards

or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes,

or procedures not conforming to the standards.

The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in

no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard.

Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of

an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards

Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or

sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard.

CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or

withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards

Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw

this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current

information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards

Institute.

Published by

American National Standards Institute

11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036

These materials are subject to copyright claims of International Standardization Organization (ISO),

American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and Information Technology Industry Council (ITI). Not for

resale. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including an electronic retrieval system,

without the prior written permission of ITI. All requests pertaining to this standard should be submitted to

ITI, 1250 Eye Street NW, Washington, DC 20005.

Printed in the United States of America

ISO/lEC 9899.1990 (E,

Contents

I Scope . . . . . . . . . . .

2 Normative references . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . ..I.

7 Definitions and conventions . . . .

3 Compliance . . . . . . . . .

5 Environment . . . . . . . . .

Conceptual models . . . . .

5.1 1 Translation environment .

5 1.2 Execution environments .

5.2

Environmental considerations . .

5.2.1 Character sets . . . .

5 3.7

.- -

Character display semantics

5.23 Signals and interrupts . .

5.2.4 Environmental limits . .

................

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

................

6 Language . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6.1

6.2

Lexical elements

......................

6 1.1 Keywords

.....................

6.1.2 Identifiers

.....................

6.1 3 Constants

.....................

6.14 String literals

....................

6.1.5 Operators

.....................

6.1.6 Punctuators

.....................

6.1.7 Header names

....................

6. I .8 Preprocessing numbers

.................

6.1.9 Comments

.....................

Conversions

............ , ..........

6 7.1 Arithmetic operands

..................

63.2 Other operands

....................

Expressions

... , ...................

6 3 I Primary expressions

..................

6 3.2 Postfix operators

...................

6.3.3 Unary operators

....................

6.3 4 Cast operators

....................

6 3.5 Multiplicative operators

.................

6 3 6 Additive operators

....................

6 3 7 Bitwise shift operators

..................

6 3 8 Relational operators

..................

6 3 9 Equality operators

...................

6 3 IO Bituise AND operator

..................

6 3 I I Bituise exclusive OR operator

...............

6 3 12 Bitwise inclusive OR operator

...............

6 3 13 Logical AND operator

..................

6 3 II Logical OR operator

..................

6 3. IS Conditional operator

..................

6.4

6.6

6.7

6.8

7 Libr

7.2

7.3

6.3 16 Assignment operators . . .

6.3.17 Comma operator . . . .

Constant expressions . . . . .

Declarations . . . . . . . .

65.1 Storage-class specifiers . .

6.52 Type specifiers . . . . .

6 5.3 Type qualifiers . . . . .

6.5 4 Declarators . . . . . .

6.5.5 Type names . . . . . .

6 5.6 Type definitions . . . .

6.5 7 Initialization . . . . . .

Statements . . . . . . . . .

6 6 1 Labeled statements . . . .

6 6.2 Compound statement. or block

6.6 3 Expression and null statements

6 6.4 Selection statements . . .

6.6.5 Iteration statements . . .

6.6.6 Jump statements . . . .

External definitions . . . . . .

6.7 I Function definitions . . .

6.72 External object definitions .

Preprocessing directives . . . .

6.8.1 Conditional inclusion . . .

6.82 Source file inclusion . . .

6.8.3 Macro replacement . . . .

6.8 4 Line control . . . . . .

6.8.5 Error directive . . . . .

6.8.6 Pragma directive . . . .

6.8.7 Null directive . . . . .

6 X.8 Predefined macro names . .

Future language directions . . . .

6 Y I External names . . . . .

692

Character escape sequence\ .

6 0.3 Storage-class specifiers . .

6.Y 3 Function declarators . . .

6 Y.5 Function definitions . . .

6 9.6 Array parameters . . . .

...............

‘ary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

introduction . . . . . . . . . . .

7 I I Detinitiom of term\ . . . . . .

7.1 2

Standard header5 . . . . . . .

7 I 3 Reserved identitierk . . . . . .

714 Errors<errno.h> . . . . . .

7 I 5 Limits

<float. h>

and <limits. h>

7. I .6 Common detinitionh

7.1.7 Use 01 library function\ . . . . .

Diagnostics

<assert. h> . . . . . .

72.1 Program diagnostics . . . . . .

Character handling <ctype. h> . . . . .

7.3 I Character testing function\ . . . .

7 3 2 Character case mappIng tunctions . .

Localization

<locale.h> . . . . . .

7 1.1 Locale control . . . . . . . .

7.1 2

Numeric tormattinp convention inquiry

............

.............

............

ISO/IEC 9899 1990 tE)

i ;

5-I

6-i

9.5

IO1

101

I02

IO1

104

106 --

107

108

111

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