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![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/85765065/bg1.jpg)
1
第一章 真空技术基础
本章主要内容:
1. 真空的基本知识
2. 真空的获得
3. 真空的测量
4. 稀薄气体的基本性质
5. 真空配件、检测
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/85765065/bg2.jpg)
2
§1-1 气体与真空
Air, as a gas, is
composed of molecules
that you can imagine
as round elastic balls.
Molecules move in
straight lines until
they collide with
neighboring molecules
or the container wall.
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/85765065/bg3.jpg)
3
PARTIAL PRESSURES OF GASES CORRESPOND TO THEIR RELATIVE VOLUMES
GAS SYMBOL
PERCENT BY
VOLUME
PARTIAL PRESSURE
TORR
PASCAL
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Argon
Carbon Dioxide
Neon
Helium
Krypton
Hydrogen
Xenon
Water
N
2
O
2
Ar
CO
2
Ne
He
Kr
H
2
Xe
H
2
O
78
21
0.93
0.03
0.0018
0.0005
0.0001
0.00005
0.0000087
Variable
593
158
7.1
0.25
1.4 x 10
-2
4.0 x 10
-3
8.7 x 10
-4
4.0 x 10
-4
6.6 x 10
-5
5 to 50
79,000
21,000
940
33
1.8
5.3 x 10
-1
1.1 x 10
-1
5.1 x 10
-2
8.7 x 10
-3
665 to 6650
THE ATMOSPHERE IS A MIXTURE OF GASES
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/85765065/bg4.jpg)
4
¾ P = F / A=nMv
rms
2
/3N
A
¾ It comes from the
striking of gas
molecules on the
walls.
¾ Partial Pressure
2. Pressure
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/download_crawler_static/85765065/bg5.jpg)
5
T (
O
C)
100
25
0
-40
-78.5
-196
P (mbar)
1013
32
6.4
0.13
6.6 x 10
-4
10
-24
(BOILING)
(FREEZING)
(DRY ICE)
(LIQUID NITROGEN)
VAPOR PRESSURE OF WATER
剩余69页未读,继续阅读
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