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基于 MATLAB 和 Java 技术的青海省牧区雪灾监测预警系统
中文摘要
使用 Web 技术构建一个可以实现针对性目标的 GIS 系统是目前对空间数据
的另一种使用方式。一定程度上,构建及使用 WebGIS 方便了操作者在接入网络
的不同终端操作空间数据,使数据处理变得方便简单。目前关于雪灾监测及预警
方面的研究模型较多,也有部分学者针对不同的研究区域构建了雪灾监测及预警
相关的 WebGIS,但仍然存在对研究模型应用不足、系统功能单一、系统复用性
低等问题。故参考这些模型构建良好的雪灾监测及预警系统很有必要,不仅可以
实现模型在生产活动中的应用,而且能够提高 Web 系统的数据处理能力、去掉
冗余的人工处理环节。本次研究尝试使用 MATLAB 将积雪灾害风险评估 Logistic
线性回归模型和家畜死亡率估测 BP-ANN 模型处理为可集成模块并结合 J2EE、
Geoserver、Openlayers、PostgreSQL 等技术构建一个青海省雪灾监测与预警管理
系统,实现栅格数据的多参数运算、浏览、导入、导出、信息维护等功能,梳理
并归纳研究模型实例化为可集成模块的过程及方式,以及基于该实现的栅格数据
存储方式。本文也将根据此次研究的具体过程进行阐述,包含 WebGIS 在雪灾监
测及预警中的使用情况,研究思路、方法、相关技术,系统整体设计、各模块详
细设计、数据库设计、系统完成情况、测试结果,研究模型转可集成模块的方式、
栅格数据的存储方式,以及系统结构、存储、硬件组织方式和代码中存在的主要
问题。此次研究使用 MATLAB 与 Java 的混合开发方式实现了栅格数据的在线运
算,使雪灾监测相关的研究模型在 WebGIS 中得到了实际应用,应用效果较好。
该研究包含较完整的系统设计及开发过程,完成了系统设计期初的主要功能。
关键词:MATLAB Builder for java,WebGIS,研究模型集成,栅格数据运
算
Abstract
There is another usage of spatial data is to build a GIS system to achieve target
function. In a way, building and using WebGIS is more convenient for users to use
spatial data by connecting to different network terminals, and it is easier to handle
these data. Although there are a lot of models about snow disaster monitoring and
early warning ,and scholars have constructed many WebGIS in different areas. There
are some problems such as insufficient application of the research model, simple
system function, and low system reuse and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to build a
better system basing on these models. We can use these models to guide the producing
activity, improve the data calculation ability of Web system, and reduce manual
handling. In this study, we attempted to use MATLAB to realize the Logistic linear
regression model of snow disaster risk estimation and the BP-ANN model of livestock
mortality estimation in a snow disaster monitoring system based on J2EE, Goserver,
Openlayers, PostgreSQL and other technologies to achieve the implementation of
browsing, importing, exporting, information maintenance and the multiparameter
operation of raster data, and summarized the process of instantiating a research model
as an integrated module, and the way of storage for raster data. This paper will also
describe the specific process of this research such as the status of WebGIS application
of snow disaster monitoring and early warning, the research ideas, methods and
techniques, the overall design of system, the detailed design of each module, the
design of database, the integration of the research model, the storage of raster data, the
inadequacy of topology structure, and the design of system structure, storage and code.
The raster data online calculation has been realized by MATLAB and Java, which the
monitoring model of snow disaster was applied in WebGIS, and the result of
application is satisfying. This research contained a complete process of system design
and development, and basically actualized the main functions of the initial design of
system.
Key words: MATLAB Builder for java, WebGIS , integration of research model ,
calculation of raster data
目录
中文摘要 ................................................................................................... III
Abstract .....................................................................................................IV
第一章 绪论 ............................................................................................. 1
1.1. 研究背景 ........................................................................................................ 1
1.2. 研究意义 ........................................................................................................ 1
1.3. 研究现状分析 ................................................................................................ 2
1.3.1. 牧区雪灾监测的研究现状 ................................................................. 2
1.3.2. WebGIS 在雪灾监测及预警中的应用情况 ....................................... 4
1.4. 研究内容及方法 ............................................................................................ 6
1.4.1. 研究内容 ............................................................................................. 6
1.4.2. 研究方法 ............................................................................................. 6
1.5. 关键技术 ........................................................................................................ 7
1.5.1. Tomcat .................................................................................................. 7
1.5.2. PostgreSQL .......................................................................................... 8
1.5.3. Geoserver ............................................................................................. 8
1.5.4. Openlayers ........................................................................................... 8
1.5.5. J2EE ..................................................................................................... 8
1.5.6. 技术概况 ............................................................................................. 9
第二章 雪灾监测预警系统的设计 ...................................................... 10
2.1. 系统总体设计 .............................................................................................. 10
2.1.1. 系统结构设计 ................................................................................... 10
2.1.2. 系统功能设计 ................................................................................... 12
2.2. 系统各模块设计 .......................................................................................... 13
2.2.1. 用户管理模块 ................................................................................... 13
2.2.2. 数据查询模块 ................................................................................... 14
2.2.3. 系统运算模块 ................................................................................... 17
2.2.4. 数据导入模块 ................................................................................... 19
2.2.5. 数据导出模块 ................................................................................... 21
2.2.6. 数据加载模块 ................................................................................... 23
2.3. 数据库设计 .................................................................................................. 25
2.3.1. 外部设计 ........................................................................................... 25
2.3.2. 概念结构设计 ................................................................................... 26
2.3.2.1. 实体和属性定义 .................................................................... 26
2.3.2.2. 局部 ER 模式 ........................................................................ 30
2.3.2.3. 全局 ER 模式 ........................................................................ 33
2.3.3. 逻辑结构设计 ................................................................................... 34
2.3.3.1. 用户管理 ................................................................................ 35
2.3.3.2. 区划对象 ................................................................................ 35
2.3.3.3. 系统运算 ................................................................................ 39
第三章 青海省牧区雪灾监测预警系统的实现及测评 ...................... 43
3.1. 测试环境 ...................................................................................................... 43
3.2. 用户管理模块 .............................................................................................. 44
3.3. 数据查询模块 .............................................................................................. 45
3.4. 系统运算模块 .............................................................................................. 46
3.5. 数据导入模块 .............................................................................................. 47
3.6. 数据导出模块 .............................................................................................. 48
3.7. 数据加载模块 .............................................................................................. 48
第四章 结果与展望 .............................................................................. 50
4.1. 青海省牧区雪灾监测预警系统 .................................................................. 50
4.2. 基于雪灾模型利用 MATLAB 构建运算模块 ........................................... 52
4.3. 栅格数据在 Web 系统中的存储方式 ........................................................ 55
4.4. 特点及问题 .................................................................................................. 57
4.5. 展望 .............................................................................................................. 58
参考文献 ................................................................................................... 60
在学期间的研究成果 .............................................................................. 63
致 谢 ................................................................................................... 64
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