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山东理工大学硕士学位论文 摘 要
I
摘 要
目前,对输电线路行波故障测距的仿真研究大多停留在原理层面,对现有行波测
距装置的仿真研究较少,而且通常需要多个软件的配合才能实现对故障行波的仿真与
分析。为了提高仿真研究的效率和灵活性、对现有行波测距装置应用过程中存在的问
题进行研究,建立一个集线路故障仿真和行波计算分析于一体的、能够模拟现有行波
测距装置工作过程的、基于统一软件环境的行波故障测距仿真分析平台就变得十分必
要。为此,本文围绕该平台的设计、开发和应用进行了以下几方面的研究工作:
(1)分析了现有行波测距装置的构成原理,尤其对数据采集单元的工作原理和
行波的提取算法进行了深入研究,为平台的设计提供了参考和理论依据。
(2)分析了平台的功能需求,提出了平台的总体方案。该平台由电网模型和行
波测距模型两大部分组成。电网模型用来对不同类型的线路故障进行仿真。行波测距
模型由数据采集系统模型、触发存储器模型、故障数据分析处理模型和人机接口界面
组成,用来模拟行波测距装置的工作流程:获取线路检测点电气量的数字信号、检测
线路是否发生故障、存储故障数据、计算行波和故障点的位置、将线路两端的故障信
息和测距结果送入人机接口界面显示。而且用户可通过人机接口界面,对平台进行基
本的参数进行设置和操作。
(3)利用 MATLAB 提供的子系统、S 函数、模块封装、GUIDE 等工具解决了
功能模型的创建、人机接口界面的设计等在平台开发过程中需要解决的关键问题,然
后对平台的每个功能部分进行了详细的设计和创建,并将其搭建成一个完整的、可运
行的平台。
(4)对平台的参数设置方法以及门槛值的整定进行了说明,并通过仿真实例对
平台的功能进行验证。
对仿真结果的分析表明,该平台能够实现对不同类型线路故障的仿真;能够模拟
行波测距装置的工作流程,准确地检测到线路故障、发出触发信号、保存故障数据,
并自动进行行波计算和故障定位;人机接口界面能够将参数设置传递到仿真模型中,
并准确、动态显示线路两端的故障信息、测距结果和行波波形。
关键词:输电线路;行波;仿真平台;MATLAB/SIMULINK;S 函数
山东理工大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRATA
II
ABSTRACT
Currently, the simulation research on transmission line traveling wave fault location
has remained mostly in the principles, and it‟s less on the existing traveling wave fault
location device. In addition, more than one software will be required in order to achieve
the simulation and analysis of the fault traveling wave. In order to improve the efficiency
and flexibility of simulation and research on the existing problems in the application
process of traveling wave fault location device, it is necessary to establish a traveling wave
fault location simulation platform based on unified software. And this platform should be
able to achieve the simulation for transmission line fault and the work process of traveling
wave fault location device, and calculate and analysis traveling wave. So, this paper
surrounds the design, development and application of the platform and makes a research
from following respects:
(1) The structure and principle of the current traveling wave fault location device are
analyzed, in particular, the data acquisition unit‟s principle and the algorithm of traveling
wave are studied in depth in this paper. These provide references and theoretical basis for
platform‟s design and implementation.
(2) According to the platform‟s functional requirements, its general scheme is
proposed. The platform is composed of from grid model and traveling wave fault location
model. Grid model is used to implement the simulation for different types of line fault. The
traveling wave fault location model consisting of data acquisition system model, trigger
memory model, fault data analysis and processing model and man-machine interface. It‟s
used to simulate traveling wave device‟s workflow: obtain digital signal of transmission
line test point‟s electrical quantities, detect line fault, save fault data, calculate traveling
wave, fault location, display line fault information, ranging results and waveform of
traveling wave in man-machine interface. And, user can do basic parameters settings and
operation to platform with the help of man-machine interface.
(3) Making use of subsystem, S-Function, module packaging, GUIDE and other tools
provided by MATLAB to solve the problems in platform‟s development process, including
the creation of function modal and the design of man-machine interface. Then, each
functional model of the platform is designed and created, and they are joined together to
山东理工大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRATA
III
form a complete and executable platform.
Analysis of the simulation results show that, this platform can realize the simulation
for different line fault; simulate traveling wave device‟s workflow, accurately detect line
failure, give the trigger signal, save the fault data, calculate traveling wave and fault
location; man-machine interface can pass the parameters setting to the simulation model,
and dynamic display fault information of line, ranging results, waveform of traveling
wave.
Key words: Transmission line; Traveling wave; Simulation platform;
MATLAB/SIMULINK; S-Function
山东理工大学硕士学位论文 目录
IV
目 录
摘 要 ................................................................................................................................ I
ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ II
目 录 ............................................................................................................................. IV
第一章 绪论 ......................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 课题背景 ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 输电线路行波故障测距仿真研究的现状 .................................................................. 1
1.3 本文研究的主要思路及所作的主要工作 .................................................................. 3
第二章 行波测距装置的构成原理 ..................................................................................... 5
2.1 行波测距装置的总体方案 .......................................................................................... 5
2.2 行波测距装置的硬件原理 .......................................................................................... 6
2.3 行波测距基本算法 ...................................................................................................... 9
2.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................................... 12
第三章 基于 MATLAB 的故障行波仿真分析平台的总体方案和关键技术 ............... 13
3.1 平台的总体方案 ........................................................................................................ 13
3.2 功能模块的创建 ........................................................................................................ 15
3.2.1 利用 SIMULINK 子系统设计功能模块 ............................................................ 15
3.2.2 利用 S 函数设计功能模块 ................................................................................. 17
3.2.3 功能模块的封装 ................................................................................................. 25
3.3 人机界面的设计 ........................................................................................................ 33
3.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................................... 35
第四章 基于 MATLAB 的输电线路故障行波仿真平台的开发 .................................... 37
4.1 仿真分析平台的总体结构 ........................................................................................ 37
4.2 电网仿真模型 ............................................................................................................ 37
4.3 数据采集模块 ............................................................................................................ 42
4.4 触发存储器模型 ........................................................................................................ 44
4.5 故障数据分析处理模型 ............................................................................................ 49
4.6 人机接口界面的设计 ................................................................................................ 51
山东理工大学硕士学位论文 目录
V
4.7 本章小结 .................................................................................................................... 54
第五章 仿真分析平台的应用 ........................................................................................... 56
5.1 仿真分析平台的参数设置 ........................................................................................ 56
5.2 仿真分析平台的应用实例 ........................................................................................ 57
5.3 本章小结 .................................................................................................................... 64
第六章 结论 ....................................................................................................................... 65
致 谢 ............................................................................................................................. 67
参考文献 ............................................................................................................................. 68
硕士期间发表的论文 ......................................................................................................... 71
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