基于MATLAB的电子雷管合理时差试验研究_毕业论文.pdf

摘要

随着数码雷管技术的发展，数码雷管的制造工业技术日趋成熟，有效的解决

了普通雷管延迟时间精度低、离散性大的问题。同时，目前对数码雷管合理时差

的选择研究相对较少。工程中选择延期时间时，主要依靠工程经验和经验公式来

选取，缺乏合理的科学依据。本文基于大量的试验振动监测数据，通过数值模拟，

详细分析了爆破时差对爆破振动波形峰值速度、主振频率和瞬时能量的影响，综

合确定最佳时差。首先对爆破振动速度进行预测，虽然萨道夫斯基经验公式计算

爆破振动速度简单、方便，但萨道夫斯基经验公式的预测误差在 30%左右，以无

法满足现代爆破对预测精度的要求，而通过 BP 神经网络预测模型对爆破振动速

爆破振动的能量在频率上分布交广，分布形式上表现出关于主振频率对称的性

质，瞬时能量的 50~80%分布在爆破振动的主振频带 30~60Hz 内，考虑到瞬时能

量越大，对周围建筑物造成的危害越大的原则，选取最佳时差为 9~11ms。最终

以爆破振动试验为基础，以数值模拟为依据，运用小波分析和希尔伯特-黄变化

的信号处理方法，研究了电子雷管的时差对爆破振动波形峰值速度、主振频率和

瞬时能量的变化规律，从而确定该试验条件下最佳时差为 11~12ms，为后期工程

选择最佳爆破时差提供一种选择方法。

关键词：电子数码雷管；延时时差；MATLAB 数值模拟；频谱能量分析；

现场试验

ABSTRACT

lacks reasonable scientific basis. Based on a large number of experimental vibration

monitoring data and through numerical simulation, this paper analyzes in detail the

influence of blasting time difference on the peak velocity, main vibration frequency

and instantaneous energy of blasting vibration waveform, and comprehensively

determines the optimal time difference. Firstly, the blasting vibration speed is

predicted. Although Sadovsky's empirical formula is simple and convenient to

calculate the blasting vibration speed, the prediction error of Sadovsky's empirical

formula is about 30%, which cannot meet the requirements of modern blasting for

prediction accuracy. However, the BP neural network prediction model is used to

predict the blasting vibration speed and the main vibration frequency, and the error

analysis and Hilbert-Huang analysis, the time-frequency analysis of the signal shows

that the main vibration frequency of the superimposed signal shows a periodic

step-wise decreasing change with the increase of time difference. when the delay is

12~16ms, the main vibration frequency is the largest from the natural natural natural

vibration frequency of the building. During the energy analysis, it is found that the

energy of blasting vibration is widely distributed in frequency, and the distribution

form shows the nature of symmetry about the main vibration frequency. 50~80% of

the instantaneous energy is distributed within the main vibration frequency band of

blasting vibration of 30~60Hz. considering the principle that the greater the

instantaneous energy is, the greater the damage to surrounding buildings is, the best

blasting time difference in later engineering.

Keywords:Electronic digital detonator; Delay time difference; MATLAB numerical

simulation; Spectrum energy analysis; field test

目 录

图清单

.............................................................................................................................I

表清单

..........................................................................................................................IV

变量注释表

..................................................................................................................VI

1

..........................................................................................................................1

2 延时爆破基本理论及振动信号分析技术.................................................................8

2.1 延时爆破概念...................................................................................................8

2.2

2.3 延期时间选择方法...........................................................................................9

2.4 振动信号分析技术.........................................................................................12

2.5

3

4 爆破振动信号叠加分析...........................................................................................46

4.1

.....................................................................................46

4.2 叠加信号时域特征分析.................................................................................52

4.3 叠加信号频域特征分析................................................................................53

4.4

.................................................................................56

4.5 确定最优时差.................................................................................................59

4.6 本章小结.........................................................................................................59

5 结论与展望...............................................................................................................60

致谢

学位论文数据集