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DecaWave Limited. No reproduction is permitted without prior express written permission of the

author

APPLICATION NOTE: APH010

APH010 DW1000 INTER-

CHANNEL INTERFERENCE

How transmissions on one

DW1000 channel can affect

other channels and how to

minimize that effect

2014

Version 0.2

This document is subject to change without notice

APH010 DW1000 INTER-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE

DecaWave Limited. No reproduction is permitted without prior express written permission of the

author

Page 2 of 25

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 4

2 SUMMARY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS................................................................................ 5

2.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................. 5

2.2 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................ 5

2.3 TRANSMISSION / RECEPTION ON THE SAME CHANNEL .......................................................................... 5

2.4 TRANSMISSION / RECEPTION ON DIFFERENT CHANNELS ....................................................................... 5

2.5 CONCLUSIONS & GUIDELINES .......................................................................................................... 7

3 INTER CHANNEL INTERFERENCE IN THE DW1000 .................................................................... 8

3.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................... 8

3.2 RF SIGNAL INTERFERENCE BETWEEN CHANNELS .................................................................................. 8

3.3 RESULTING INTERFERENCE .............................................................................................................. 9

4 EFFECT OF USING DIFFERENT PRF AND PREAMBLE CODES ON THE SAME CHANNEL FOR

TRANSMIT & RECEIVE................................................................................................................. 14

4.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 14

4.2 DIFFERENT VALUES OF PRF AND PREAMBLE CODE ............................................................................ 14

4.3 SAME PRF BUT DIFFERENT PREAMBLE CODES .................................................................................. 14

5 INTERFERENCE BETWEEN DIFFERENT CHANNELS WHEN USING DIFFERENT PRF AND PREAMBLE

CODES ....................................................................................................................................... 17

5.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 17

5.2 DIFFERENT PRF AND PREAMBLE CODE SETTINGS .............................................................................. 17

5.3 SAME PRF BUT DIFFERENT PREAMBLE CODES .................................................................................. 17

6 CONCLUSIONS AND GUIDELINES FOR CHANNEL CONFIGURATION ........................................ 21

6.1 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................. 21

6.2 GUIDELINES TO MINIMIZE THIS INTERFERENCE .................................................................................. 21

7 APPENDIX 1: TEST METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................... 23

7.1 TEST SETUP ................................................................................................................................ 23

7.1.1 Initial Calibration of the test rig ...................................................................................... 23

7.1.2 Actual Interference testing .............................................................................................. 23

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1: SUMMARY OF INTER-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE USING THE SAME PRF AND PREAMBLE CODE. ....................... 6

TABLE 2: SUMMARY OF INTER-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE USING DIFFERENT PREAMBLE CODES AT 64MHZ PRF ............ 7

TABLE 3: EFFECT OF PRF / PREAMBLE CODE ON CHANNEL 1 ............................................................................ 15

TABLE 4: EFFECT OF PRF / PREAMBLE CODE ON CHANNEL 2 ............................................................................ 15

TABLE 5: EFFECT OF PRF / PREAMBLE CODE ON CHANNEL 3 ............................................................................ 16

TABLE 6: EFFECT OF PRF / PREAMBLE CODE ON CHANNEL 5 ............................................................................ 16

TABLE 7: SUMMARY OF INTER-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE USING THE SAME PRF / PREAMBLE CODE ........................... 17

TABLE 8: EFFECT OF PREAMBLE CODE ON INTERFERENCE FROM CHANNEL 1 TO CHANNEL 2 ................................... 18

TABLE 9: EFFECT OF PREAMBLE CODE ON INTERFERENCE FROM CHANNEL 1 TO CHANNEL 3 ................................... 18

TABLE 10: EFFECT OF PREAMBLE CODE ON INTERFERENCE FROM CHANNEL 2 TO CHANNEL 1 ................................. 19

TABLE 11: EFFECT OF PREAMBLE CODE ON INTERFERENCE FROM CHANNEL 2 TO CHANNEL 3 ................................. 19

TABLE 12: EFFECT OF PREAMBLE CODE ON INTERFERENCE FROM CHANNEL 3 TO CHANNEL 2 ................................. 20

APH010 DW1000 INTER-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE

DecaWave Limited. No reproduction is permitted without prior express written permission of the

author

Page 3 of 25

TABLE 13: SUMMARY OF INTER-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE USING DIFFERENT PREAMBLE CODES AT 64MHZ PRF ........ 22

TABLE 14: TEST EQUIPMENT LOSS FOR VARIOUS CHANNEL AND PRF SETTINGS ..................................................... 23

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1: IEEE802.15.4-2011 PPDU STRUCTURE ........................................................................................ 4

FIGURE 2: TX CHANNEL 1 / RX CHANNEL 2 ...................................................................................................... 6

FIGURE 3: TX CHANNEL 1 / RX CHANNEL 5 ...................................................................................................... 6

FIGURE 4: EXAMPLE SIMULATED PSD FROM A TRANSMITTER CONFIGURED TO TRANSMIT ON CHANNEL 2 AT 4 GHZ..... 9

FIGURE 5: TX / RX CHANNEL 1 .................................................................................................................... 10

FIGURE 6: TX / RX CHANNEL 2 .................................................................................................................... 10

FIGURE 7: TX / RX CHANNEL 3 .................................................................................................................... 10

FIGURE 8: TX / RX CHANNEL 5 .................................................................................................................... 10

FIGURE 9: TX CHANNEL 1 / RX CHANNEL 2 .................................................................................................... 11

FIGURE 10: TX CHANNEL 1 / RX CHANNEL 3 .................................................................................................. 11

FIGURE 11: TX CHANNEL 1 / RX CHANNEL 5 .................................................................................................. 11

FIGURE 12: TX CHANNEL 2 / RX CHANNEL 1 .................................................................................................. 11

FIGURE 13: TX CHANNEL 2 / RX CHANNEL 3 .................................................................................................. 12

FIGURE 14: TX CHANNEL 2 / RX CHANNEL 5 .................................................................................................. 12

FIGURE 15: TX CHANNEL 3 / RX CHANNEL 1 .................................................................................................. 12

FIGURE 16: TX CHANNEL 3 / RX CHANNEL 2 .................................................................................................. 12

FIGURE 17: TX CHANNEL 3 / RX CHANNEL 5 .................................................................................................. 13

FIGURE 18: TX CHANNEL 5 / RX CHANNEL 1 .................................................................................................. 13

FIGURE 19: TX CHANNEL 5 / RX CHANNEL 2 .................................................................................................. 13

FIGURE 20: TX CHANNEL 5 / RX CHANNEL 3 .................................................................................................. 13

APH010 DW1000 INTER-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE

DecaWave Limited. No reproduction is permitted without prior express written permission of the

author

Page 4 of 25

1 INTRODUCTION

The DW10000 can be configured to operate on one of 6 RF channels with centre frequencies from

3.5 GHz to 6.5 GHz. It uses the modulation scheme and messaging format as defined by the

IEEE802.15.4-2011 UWB standard shown in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1: IEEE802.15.4-2011 PPDU Structure

Header and payload portions of the message are transmitted using very narrow pulses repeated at

the Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) which is slightly different for header and payload portions of

the message but nominally can be 16 or 64 MHz.

The preamble sequence portion of the message is transmitted as one of a number of selectable

codes. Restrictions are imposed on the selection of these codes depending on the channel being

used.

Preamble sequences are selected for use in the UWB PHY due to their perfect periodic

autocorrelation properties. The choice of codes that may be used for each channel is restricted to

ensure that codes with the lowest cross-correlation are used in the same UWB PHY channel. Thus,

different devices can communicate on the same physical channel each using different preamble

codes whilst interfering as little as possible.

This note examines how transmissions on one particular channel can cause interference with: -

 Receivers on the same channel configured for different values of PRF and / or preamble code

 Receivers on different channels configured for the same or different PRF and / or preamble

codes

Guidelines are presented for the selection of PRF and preamble codes to minimize such interference.

Preamble Sequence

Start Frame

Delimiter

(SFD)

PHR

MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU)

PHY Protocol Data Unit (PPDU)

16,64,1024 or 4096 Preambles

8 or 64

Symbols

21 bits

8*Frame Length + Reed-Solomon Encoding bits

Synchronisation Header (SHR)

PHY

Header

(PHR)

PHY Service Data Unit (PSDU)

APH010 DW1000 INTER-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE

DecaWave Limited. No reproduction is permitted without prior express written permission of the

author

Page 5 of 25

2 SUMMARY RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

2.1 Introduction

This section presents summary results from the various investigations detailed later in this note as

well as conclusions and guidelines to minimize inter and intra-channel interference.

2.2 Methodology

The methodology used in testing for interference between a transmitter and a victim receiver was to

introduce and increase the level of attenuation between the transmitter and the victim receiver until

the victim receiver was unaffected by the transmissions. This level of attenuation was converted to an

equivalent distance assuming free space operation. This equivalent distance is denoted the “pickup

radius”.

Where the pickup radius proved to be unacceptably large (>2 m) further investigation was carried out

to determine whether particular combinations of preamble codes / PRF could be used to extend it and

with what effect.

2.3 Transmission / Reception on the same channel

Using different PRF configurations on the same channel ensures that no interference will occur. So,

for example, transmissions from a transmitter configured for channel 2, 16 MHz PRF will not be

received by a receiver configured for channel 2, 64 MHz PRF.

With the same PRF configuration but different preamble codes selected then interference may occur

because while the preamble codes have a low cross-correlation they are not orthogonal.

The summary of these results is as follows: -

Pickup Radius (m) for this channel at this PRF for worst case

combination of preamble codes

PRF

CH1

CH2

CH3

CH5

16 MHz

64 MHz

These indicate that for the worst case configuration of preamble codes, at channel 1, 16 MHz PRF the

transmitter and victim receiver must be less than 72 m apart for interference to occur. This distance

reduces to 45 m for the 64 MHz PRF case.

Further details are given in section 4.3.

2.4 Transmission / Reception on different channels

There are two aspects to consider here:-

1. The signal level received and down-converted by a receiver configured for a particular channel

because of transmissions on a different channel.

2. The degree to which an interfering signal will be demodulated by a receiver when that receiver is

configured for different demodulator settings such as PRF and preamble code

In terms of 1 above, the power spectral density of different channels overlaps with the receiver

bandwidth of adjoining channels to a greater or lesser extent depending on the separation between

the channels as shown, by way of example, in Figure 2 and Figure 3 below.

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