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排烟余热利用技术分析报告.doc
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. . . . .
摘 要
锅炉排烟热损失一直都是锅炉热损失中最主要的一项。排烟温度偏高一直是
国 各个电站普遍存在的问题,尤其是运行了一段时期的电站,因为运行参数偏离了
设计参数,或煤种变等原因,常常造成排烟温度过高。这不仅影响电厂的热经济
性,而且为烟气换热器的安全运行也埋下隐患。因此,为了提高电站运行的安全可
靠性且做到节能降耗,必须想方法降低排烟温度。余热回收是一项国家鼓励与大
力扶持、推广的节能环保项目。“十一五〞期间,国家对余热再利用产业实施的专
项扶持政策,有力地促进了我国余热回收技术进步和产业开展。“十二五〞对余热
再利用产业扶持政策力度的加大,其市场前景会更加广阔。中低温烟气一般含有
腐蚀性物质、飞灰等杂质,而且烟气温度相对较低,热品质低,直接影响了烟气余热
利用方案的实施或正常运行。文中首先介绍了烟气余热利用过程中低温腐蚀、积
灰的产生机理以与各自的影响因素,然后提出了防止低温腐蚀与积灰的措施,对于
中低温烟气余热利用装置的设计与运行起到参考作用。分别用热平衡法、火用平
衡法、能级平衡法对余热利用装置进展热经济经分析与评价,得出余热利用的根
本原那么,不仅要从量上充分利用余热而且要从质上充分利用余热,要做到按质用
能、梯级利用。
本文介绍了降低排烟温度和排烟损失的各种途径,并重点介绍了烟气换热器
系统在降低排烟温度上的实际应用情况。 本文研究了烟气换热器系统的工作原理
分析了影响经济性的各个参数,给出 了优化设计模型。并以某电站加装低压省煤
器为例,在给定排烟温度的条件下,依 据优化设计模型,计算得到了换热器最优受热
面布置方式。然后依据局部经济性计算的方法对加装烟气换热器的热力系统进展
了分 析,为烟气换热器的优化选型提供参考。
关键词:排烟; 余热利用; 热力分析; 换热器;优化设计
. . . . .
Abstract
Boiler exhaust heat boiler heat loss is always the most important one loss. High
exhaust gas temperature of each power plant has long been a common problem,
especially in a period of running the station, because the operating parameters deviate
from the design parameters, or change coal and other reasons, often resulting in the
exhaust gas temperature is too high. This not only affects the economy of thermal
power plants, but also for the safe operation of the flue gas heat exchanger also lay
hidden. Therefore, in order to improve the safety and reliability of plant operation and
to achieve energy saving, we must find ways to reduce exhaust gas temperature. Heat
recovery is a country to encourage and strongly support the promotion of energy
saving projects. During the "Eleventh Five-Year", the state of implementation of
waste heat recycling industry special support policies, effectively promoted the
development of China's progress and industrial waste heat recovery technology.
"Twelve Five" for waste heat re-use industrial policy efforts to increase its market
prospects will be even brighter. Average low temperature flue gas containing
corrosive substances, fly ash and other impurities, and relatively low flue gas
temperature, low thermal quality directly affects the implementation of flue gas waste
heat utilization scheme or normal operation. This paper introduces the process of low
temperature waste heat utilization corrosion, fouling, and the mechanism of their
influencing factors, then propose measures to prevent low temperature corrosion and
fouling, for the design and operation of low-temperature waste heat utilization device
plays reference. Heat balance method were used, exergy balance, level balance
method for waste heat utilization device by thermal analysis and economic evaluation
of the basic principles of waste heat utilization results not only from the amount of
leverage on the full use of waste heat and waste heat from the prime , to be used
according to the quality energy cascade utilization.
This article describes the various ways to reduce exhaust gas temperature and
smoke damage, and highlights the flue gas heat exchanger system reduce exhaust gas
temperature on the actual application. This paper studies the principle of flue gas heat
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. . . . .
exchanger system, and analyzes the economic impact of various parameters, given
the optimal design model. And the installation of a low pressure economizer power
plant, for example, under the conditions of a given exhaust gas temperature,
according to the optimization design model, the calculated optimal heating surface
of the heat exchanger arrangement. Then according to the calculation method of the
local economy for the installation of flue gas heat exchanger system is analyzed to
provide a reference for the flue gas heat exchanger optimized selection.
Keywords: Gas; waste heat utilization; thermal analysis; exchanger;
optimal design
3 / 36
. . . . .
目 录
ABSTRACT...................................................... .......................2
第1章 绪 论........... .............................. ........ ............... ........ 1
1.1研究背景与意义..............................................................................................................1
1.2国外研究现状和开展趋势..............................................................................................2
1.2.1
余热利用概述
........................................................................................................................................2
1.2.2
余热回收利用技术现状
........................................................................................................................2
1.2.3
国外余热应用现状
................................................................................................................................3
1.2.4
国余热应用现状
....................................................................................................................................3
1.3文献综述..........................................................................................................................4
第2章........... .............................. ........ ............... ........ ............. 8
2.1烟气余热资源分类..........................................................................................................8
2.2烟气余热资源特性参数测定..........................................................................................8
2.2.1
烟气温度的测定
....................................................................................................................................8
2.2.2
烟气压力的测量
....................................................................................................................................9
2.2.3
烟气粉尘的测定
....................................................................................................................................9
2.2.4
烟气流速测定与流量计算
....................................................................................................................9
2.3烟气热能的焓值............................................................................................................10
2.4本章小结........................................................................................................................12
第3章 排烟余热利用经济性评价方法与其利用技术.................................12
3.1排烟余热利用的热力学评价方法................................................................................13
3.1.1
能量平衡法
..........................................................................................................................................13
3.1.2
㶲分析法
..............................................................................................................................................13
3.1.3
能级与能级平衡分析
..........................................................................................................................14
3.1.4
余热利用的原那么
.............................................................................................................................15
3.2烟气余热利用技术........................................................................................................16
3.2.1
烟气余热利用技术的难题与对应措施
..............................................................................................16
3.2.2
工矿企业排烟余热利用
......................................................................................................................16
. . . . .
3.3本章小结........................................................................................................................21
第4章 工程实例.................. ........ ............... ........ ............... ........23
4.1工程项目情况介绍........................................................................................................23
4.2烟气余热利用换热器的设置........................................................................................24
4.2.1
烟气换热器布置位置的选取
..............................................................................................................24
4.2.2
烟气温降的选取
..................................................................................................................................25
4.2.3
烟气换热器进出口水温的选取
..........................................................................................................25
4.2.3
烟气换热器的技术参数
(
见表
4)........................................................................................................26
4.3增加烟气余热利用后的收益与投资比拟....................................................................26
4.3.1
脱硫收益
..............................................................................................................................................26
4.3.2
供电收益
.............................................................................................................................................27
4.3.3
初始投资费用增加
..............................................................................................................................28
4.3.4
投资回收年限计算
..............................................................................................................................28
4.4 结论...............................................................................................................................28
第5章 总结 ..............................................................................29
参 考 文 献............................................................... ...............30
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