【知识点详解】
1. **定语从句**:在描述中提到了"man"和"times"两个名词,后面跟着的都是由"who"或"when"引导的定语从句,用来修饰前面的名词,这表明了在英语中,定语从句用于提供额外信息,增强对名词的描述。例如:"Aron Ralston is an American man (who is interested in mountain climbing.)"中的"who is interested in mountain climbing"就是对"man"的进一步解释。
2. **短语和词汇**:
- **is interested in** / **take an interest in**:这两个表达都表示“对...感兴趣”,可以互换使用。例如:"He is interested in English."等同于"He takes an interest in English."
- **be used to doing sth**:这个结构表示“习惯于做某事”,如"She is used to getting up early."
- **used to do sth**:表示“过去常常做某事”,例如"He used to be late for school."
- **be used to + V原**:表示“被用来做某事”,如"A pen is used to write."
- **take risks** / **take a risk**:表示“冒险”,例如"Tom likes taking risks."
3. **动词被动语态**:“was caught”是动词“catch”的被动形式,用于描述阿伦的手臂被岩石压住的情况。被动语态通常由“be + 过去分词”构成,例如:"On that day, Aron’s arm was caught under a 360-kilo rock (that fell on him) when he was climbing by himself in the mountains."
4. **动词过去分词**:过去分词在英语中扮演多种角色,包括构成被动语态和完成时态。例如:"The homework was done."(作业完成了)。规则动词的过去分词一般在动词末尾加"-ed",但也有不规则动词,如"work"变为"worked","live"变为"lived",具体变化需参照不规则动词表。
5. **时间状语从句**:像"when"这样的连词可以引导时间状语从句,表明一个动作在另一个动作发生的时候进行,例如:"On April 26, 2003, he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah."
6. **形容词短语**:“in a very dangerous situation”是一个形容词短语,用来修饰名词"situation",表示阿伦所处的境况。
7. **连接词和连词短语**:“so that”和“so…that…”这两个短语用于引导目的状语从句或结果状语从句,例如:"He cut off his arm so that he could free himself." 或 "It was so dark that he couldn't see anything."
以上就是从提供的内容中提取的英语学习知识点,主要涵盖了语法、词汇和句子结构等方面。对于八年级学生来说,理解和掌握这些知识点对于提升英语阅读理解、写作和口语能力都至关重要。