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# node-mysql [](http://travis-ci.org/felixge/node-mysql) ## Install ```bash npm install [email protected] ``` Despite the alpha tag, this is the recommended version for new applications. For information about the previous 0.9.x releases, visit the [v0.9 branch][]. [v0.9 branch]: https://github.com/felixge/node-mysql/tree/v0.9 ## Introduction This is a node.js driver for mysql. It is written in JavaScript, does not require compiling, and is 100% MIT licensed. Here is an example on how to use it: ```js var mysql = require('mysql'); var connection = mysql.createConnection({ host : 'localhost', user : 'me', password : 'secret', }); connection.connect(); connection.query('SELECT 1', function(err, rows, fields) { if (err) throw err; console.log('Query result: ', rows); }); connection.end(); ``` From this example, you can learn the following: * Every method you invoke on a connection is queued and executed in sequence. * Closing the connection is done using `end()` which makes sure all remaining queries are executed before sending a quit packet to the mysql server. ## Contributors Thanks goes to the people who have contributed code to this module, see the [GitHub Contributors page][]. [GitHub Contributors page]: https://github.com/felixge/node-mysql/graphs/contributors Additionally I'd like to thank the following people: * [Andrey Hristov][] (Oracle) - for helping me with protocol questions. * [Ulf Wendel][] (Oracle) - for helping me with protocol questions. [Ulf Wendel]: http://blog.ulf-wendel.de/ [Andrey Hristov]: http://andrey.hristov.com/ ## Sponsors The following companies have supported this project financially, allowing me to spend more time on it (ordered by time of contribution): * [Transloadit](http://transloadit.com) (my startup, we do file uploading & video encoding as a service, check it out) * [Joyent](http://www.joyent.com/) * [pinkbike.com](http://pinkbike.com/) * [Holiday Extras](http://www.holidayextras.co.uk/) (they are [hiring](http://join.holidayextras.co.uk/vacancy/senior-web-technologist/)) * [Newscope](http://newscope.com/) (they are [hiring](http://www.newscope.com/stellenangebote)) If you are interested in sponsoring a day or more of my time, please [get in touch][]. [get in touch]: http://felixge.de/consulting ## Community So far all community activity has happened via the GitHub Issue system, however additionally I have just started a mailing list and IRC channel where people can ask questions and discuss things: * **Mailing list**: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/node-mysql * **IRC Channel**: #node-mysql (on freenode.net) ## Establishing connections The recommended way to establish a connection is this: ```js var mysql = require('mysql'); var connection = mysql.createConnection({ host : String, // defaults to 'localhost' port : Number, // defaults to 3306 socketPath : String, // defaults to undefined user : String, // defaults to undefined password : String, // defaults to undefined database : String, // defaults to undefined charset : String, // defaults to 'UTF8_GENERAL_CI' insecureAuth : Boolean, // defaults to false typeCast : Boolean, // defaults to true debug : Boolean, // defaults to false }); connection.connect(function(err) { // connected! (unless `err` is set) }); ``` However, a connection can also be implicitly established by invoking a query: ```js var mysql = require('mysql'); var connection = mysql.createConnection(...); connection.query('SELECT 1', function(err, rows) { // connected! (unless `err` is set) }); ``` Depending on how you like to handle your errors, either method may be appropriate. Any type of connection error (handshake or network) is considered a fatal error, see the [Error Handling](#error-handling) section for more information. ## Terminating connections There are two ways to end a connection. Terminating a connection gracefully is done by calling the `end()` method: ```js connection.end(function(err) { // The connection is terminated now }); ``` This will make sure all previously enqueued queries are still before sending a `COM_QUIT` packet to the MySQL server. If a fatal error occurs before the `COM_QUIT` packet can be sent, an `err` argument will be provided to the callback, but the connection will be terminated regardless of that. An alternative way to end the connection is to call the `destroy()` method. This will cause an immediate termination of the underlaying socket. Additionally `destroy()` guarantees that no more events or callbacks will be triggered for the connection. ```js connection.destroy(); ``` Unlike `end()` the `destroy()` method does not take a callback argument. ## Server disconnects You may loose the connection to a MySQL server due to network problems, the server timing you out, or the server crashing. All of these events are considered fatal errors, and will have the `err.code = 'PROTOCOL_CONNECTION_LOST'`. See the [Error Handling](#error-handling) section for more information. The best way to be notified about a connection termination is to listen for the `'close'` event: ```js connection.on('close', function(err) { if (err) { // We did not expect this connection to terminate connection = mysql.createConnection(connection.config); } else { // We expected this to happen, end() was called. } }); ``` As you can see in the example above, re-connecting a connection is done by establishing a new connection. Once terminated, an existing connection object cannot be re-connected by design. Please note that you will also receive a `'close'` event with an `err` argument when a connection attempt fails because of bad credentials. If you find this cumbersome to work with, please post to the node-mysql mailing list to discuss improvements. ## Escaping query values In order to avoid SQL Injection attacks, you should always escape any user provided data before using it inside a SQL query. You can do so using the `connection.escape()` method: ```js var userId = 'some user provided value'; var sql = 'SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ' + connection.escape(userId); connection.query(sql, function(err, results) { // ... }); ``` Alternatively, you can use `?` characters as placeholders for values you would like to have escaped like this: ```js connection.query('SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?', [userId], function(err, results) { // ... }); ``` This looks similar to prepared statements in MySQL, however it really just uses the same `connection.escape()` method internally. Different value types are escaped differently, here is how: * Numbers are left untouched * Booleans are converted to `true` / `false` strings * Date objects are converted to `'YYYY-mm-dd HH:ii:ss'` strings * Buffers are converted to hex strings, e.g. `X'0fa5'` * Strings are safely escaped * Arrays are turned into list, e.g. ['a', 'b'] turns into `'a', 'b'` * Objects are turned into `key = 'val'` pairs. Nested objects are cast to strings. * `undefined` / `null` are converted to `NULL` * `NaN` / `Infinity` are left as-is. MySQL does not support these, and trying to insert them as values will trigger MySQL errors until they implement support. If you paid attention, you may have noticed that this escaping allows you to do neat things like this: ```js var post = {id: 1, title: 'Hello MySQL'}; var query = connection.query('INSERT INTO posts SET ?', post, function(err, result) { // Neat! }); console.log(query.sql); // INSERT INTO posts SET `id` = 1, `title` = 'Hello MySQL' ``` ## Getting the id of an inserted row If you are inserting a row into a table with an auto increment primary key, you can retrieve the insert id like this: ```js connection.query('INSERT INTO posts SET ?', {title: 'test'}, function(err, result) { if (err) throw err;