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Generative Algorithms
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GENERATIVE ALGORITHMS
using GRASSHOPPER
ZUBIN KHABAZI
II
GENERATIVE ALGORITHMS
using GRASSHOPPER
ZUBIN KHABAZI
© 2010 Zubin Mohamad Khabazi
This book produced and published digitally for public use. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner
whatsoever without permission from the author, except in the context of reviews.
To see the latest updates visit my website or for enquiries contact me at:
www.MORPHOGENESISM.com
zubin.khabazi@googlemail.com
III
Introduction
Have you ever played with LEGO Mindstorms NXT robotic set? Associative modelling is something
like that! While it seems that everything tends to be Algorithmic and Parametric why not
architecture?
During my Emergent Technologies and Design (EmTech) master course at the Architectural
Association (AA), I decided to share my experience in realm of Generative Algorithms and
Parametric-Associative Modelling with Grasshopper as I found it a powerful platform for design in
this way.
In this second edition, as I changed the name ‘Algorithmic Modelling’ to ‘Generative Algorithms’, I
tried to update some of the experiments and subjects due to the changes happening to the work-in-
progress project of Grasshopper. I hope this tutorial helps you to understand Generative Algorithms
and delicate Grasshopper as well. I would try to keep updating whenever needed but consider that
most of experiments and examples were established by previous versions of plug-in, so if you faced
some differences it might be because of that.
Although I still believe that the book needs editorial review, since this is a non-profit, non-
commercial product, please forgive me about that. I am very pleased that since publishing this book,
I have found great friends worldwide, so feel free to contact me for any queries and technical issues.
Enjoy and Good luck!
Acknowledgements
First of all I would like to thank Bob McNeel for his support in Grasshopper3D and David Rutten for
his inspiration and support as well. I also like to thank AA/EmTech directors and tutors Mike
Weinstock, Michael Hensel and also Achim Menges who established my parametric and
computational concepts. Many thanks to Stylianos Dritsas (AA/KPF) and Dr.Toni Kotnik (AA/ETH) for
their computation, scripting and advance geometry courses.
I am extremely grateful to the students, architects and designers who contacted me and shared their
knowledge and let me know short comes and errors of the work.
Zubin M Khabazi
March 2010
IV
Contents
Chapter_1_Generative Algorithms ......................................................................................... 1
1_1_ Generative Algorithms ............................................................................................................... 2
Chapter_2_The very Beginning ............................................................................................... 5
2_1_Method ....................................................................................................................................... 6
2_2_Basics of Grasshopper ................................................................................................................. 7
2_2_1_Interface, Workplace .......................................................................................................... 7
2_2_2_Components ........................................................................................................................ 7
2_2_3_Data matching ................................................................................................................... 15
2_2_4_Component’s Help (Context pop-up menu)...................................................................... 17
2_2_5_Type-In Component Search / Add ..................................................................................... 18
Chapter_3_Data Sets and Math ............................................................................................ 19
3_1_Numerical Data Sets .................................................................................................................. 20
3_2_On Points and Point Grids ......................................................................................................... 22
3_3_Other Numerical Sets ................................................................................................................ 24
3_4_Functions ................................................................................................................................... 25
3_5_Boolean Data types ................................................................................................................... 29
3_6_Cull Lists .................................................................................................................................... 30
3_7_ Data Lists .................................................................................................................................. 33
3_8_On Planar Geometrical Patterns ............................................................................................... 37
Chapter_4_Transformations ................................................................................................... 48
4_1_Vectors and Planes .................................................................................................................... 50
4_2_On Curves and Linear Geometries ............................................................................................ 51
4_3_Combined Experiment: Swiss Re ............................................................................................... 57
4_4_On Attractors ............................................................................................................................ 65
V
Chapter_ 5_Parametric Space .............................................................................................. 75
5_1_One Dimensional (1D) Parametric Space .................................................................................. 76
5_2_Two Dimensional (2D) Parametric Space .................................................................................. 78
5_3_Transition between spaces ....................................................................................................... 79
5_4_Basic Parametric Components .................................................................................................. 80
5_4_1_Curve Evaluation ............................................................................................................... 80
5_4_2_Surface Evaluation ............................................................................................................ 81
5_4_3_Curve and Surface Closest Point ....................................................................................... 83
5_5_On Object Proliferation in Parametric Space ............................................................................ 83
5_6_On Data Trees ........................................................................................................................... 92
Chapter_6_ Deformations and Morphing .......................................................................... 101
6_1_Deformations and Morphing .................................................................................................. 102
6_2_On Panelization ....................................................................................................................... 104
6_3_Micro Level Manipulations ..................................................................................................... 107
6_4_On Responsive Modulation ..................................................................................................... 111
Chapter 7_NURBS Surfaces and Meshes ........................................................................... 117
7_1_Parametric NURBS Surfaces .................................................................................................... 118
7_2_Geometry and Topology ......................................................................................................... 125
7_3_On Meshes .............................................................................................................................. 127
7_4_On Colour Analysis .................................................................................................................. 135
7_5_Manipulating Mesh objects as a way of Design ...................................................................... 138
Chapter_8_Fabrication ......................................................................................................... 141
8_1_Datasheets .............................................................................................................................. 142
8_2_Laser Cutting and Cutting based Manufacturing .................................................................... 153
Chapter_9_Design Strategy ................................................................................................. 168
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................ 172
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