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FLUTTER TECHNOLOGY AND MOBILE SOFTWARE ... Flutter 技术和移动软件.pdf
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FLUTTER TECHNOLOGY AND MOBILE SOFTWARE ... Flutter 技术和移动软件.pdf
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Journal of Information Systems & Operations Management, Vol. 16.2, December 2022
Pag. 250 / 283
FLUTTER TECHNOLOGY AND MOBILE SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS
Alexandru TĂBUȘCĂ
1
Cristina COCULESCU
2
Mironela PÎRNĂU
3
Abstract
Nowadays, many companies that develop mobile software applications have to develop the
same application for the iOS and Android operating systems in parallel. Thus, the costs for
creating the application will be higher because there have to be two teams of programmers.
They have to work in parallel on the two platforms and to collaborate with each other, so
that the developed application complies with requirements of design, planning and
operation. The use of cross-platform frameworks allows the simultaneous development of
an application for both the iOS and Android systems, generally using a platform-specific
programming language, and the application code will be transposed and compiled into a
dedicated code for each individual platform. Flutter technology is successfully used for the
development of mobile applications, which contain a very good user interface and a
technology which is simultaneously adapted to several platforms. Basically, the same code
can be used for a web application that runs in a browser and can adapt itself to iOS,
Android, Windows, MacOS or Linux platforms. Flutter is a development framework for
front end, web development, UI, implemented by Google, being completely independent
of the platform and can run both on IOS and Android systems, both as a web application
and as a Windows application.
Keywords: Flutter, Dart, mobile software
JEL Classification: C88
1. Introduction
Flutter is a software development kit (SDK) created by Google under an open-source
license. Initially, it was presented at the Dart Conference in 2015, and was called "Sky". It
was designed as the main method of developing applications for the Fuchsia operating
system (the operating system that later and gradually merged Android and ChromeOS). The
latest Flutter version has three main components:
- Embedder – specific to the platform (iOS or Android)
1
PhD Associate Professor, Romanian-American University, School of Computer Science for
Business Management, tabusca.alexandru@rau.ro
2
PhD Associate Professor, Romanian-American University, School of Computer Science for
Business Management, coculescu.cristina@rau.ro
3
PhD Associate Professor, Titu Maiorescu University, Faculty of Informatics,
mironela.pirnau@prof.utm.ro
Journal of Information Systems & Operations Management, Vol. 16.2, December 2022
Pag. 251 / 283
- Engine (the Flutter rendering engine)
- Framework - the foundation library and widgets.
Applications developed in Flutter are written using the object-oriented programming
language known as Dart. This programing language runs in a virtual machine written in
C/C++. For choosing the programming language, Google considered the following criteria:
- developers' productivity
- using an object-oriented programming language
- predictability of the language, for a high performance but also a fast memory
allocation, which is why Flutter is based on the fast and efficient allocation of small
portions of memory [1-2].
A unique feature of Flutter technology is that it draws each pixel independently. Compared
to React Native technology, it has internal widget collections – Cupertino for iOS and
Material for Android but does not use OEM widgets [3].
Framework
Dart
Material
Cupertino
Widgets
Rendering
Animation
Painting
Gestures
Foundation
Engine
C/C++
Dart
Skia
Text
Embedder
Platform specific
Render Surface Setup
Native Plugins
Packaging
Thread Setup
Event Loop Interop
Fig 1. Flutter components
The rendering engine is written primarily in C/C++ and provides support for the Skia
graphics library, but also links to development kits specific to both platforms, iOS and
Android. In Flutter, Skia is an open source 2D graphics library that contains APIs common
to a large number of hardware and software platforms.
The core library in Flutter is written in Dart and contains the core classes and functions
used to build applications. Each element of the graphical interface is represented by a
widget or a group of widgets.
Journal of Information Systems & Operations Management, Vol. 16.2, December 2022
Pag. 252 / 283
2. Usage of Flutter Technology
To develop a Flutter application, we need to first install the software development kit (SDK)
from its home web address [4] - the archive taken into account at the moment of the article
elaboration is flutter_windows_3.3.8-stable.zip. The installation is done through the
flutter_console.bat file inside the flutter folder. Also, to run Flutter commands in the
windows console we need to add the path to the ".bat" script in the PATH system variable,
see Fig 2.
Fig 2. Adding of Flutter path
Flutter depends on the Android Visual Studio system through dependencies, so its
installation becomes mandatory. The latest versions of Android SDK, Android SDK
Platform-Tools and Android SD Build-Tools are installed with Android Visual Studio.
Android Studio is created by Google and is an IDE used to develop Android applications
[3]. In order to develop Flutter applications with Android Studio, it is necessary to install
Flutter (see Fig. 3) and Dart (see Fig. 4) plugins.
Fig. 3 Adding Flutter plugin to Android Studio
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