Contents
Release Notes iii
Preface ix
Part 1. Descriptive Statistics 1
Chapter 1. One-Variable Statistics: Basics 5
1.1. Terminology: Individuals/Population/Variables/Samples 5
1.2. Visual Representation of D at a, I: Categorical Variables 7
1.2.1. Bar Charts I: Frequency Charts 7
1.2.2. Bar Charts II: Relative Frequency Charts 7
1.2.3. Bar Charts III: Cautions 8
1.2.4. Pie Charts 9
1.3. Visual Representation of D at a, II: Quantit ative Variables 11
1.3.1. Stem-and-leaf Plots 11
1.3.2. [Frequency] Histograms 12
1.3.3. [Relative Frequency] Histograms 14
1.3.4. How to Talk About Histograms 15
1.4. Numerical Descriptions of Data, I: Measures of the Center 17
1.4.1. Mode 17
1.4.2. Mean 18
1.4.3. Median 18
1.4.4. Strengths and Weaknesses of These Measures of Central Tendency 19
1.5. Numerical Descriptions of Data, II: Measures of Spread 22
1.5.1. Range 22
1.5.2. Quartiles and th e IQR 22
1.5.3. Variance and Standard Deviation 23
1.5.4. Strengths and Weaknesses of These Measures of Spread 25
1.5.5. A Formal Definition of Outl iers – th e 1.5 IQR Rule 25
1.5.6. The Five-Number Summary and Boxplots 27
Exercises 30
Chapter 2. Bi-variate Statistics: Basics 33
2.1. Terminology: Explanatory/Response or Independent/ D epend ent 33
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