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刚性杆状病毒在固态纳米孔中易位过程的研究
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Translocation of Rigid Rod-Shaped Virus through Various Solid-State
Nanopores
Hongwen Wu,
†
Yuhao Chen,
‡
Qizhao Zhou,
§
Rongliang Wang,
†
Baicheng Xia,
‡
Dejun Ma,
∥
Kaifu Luo,
‡
and Quanjun Liu*
,†
†
State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
‡
CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and
Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
§
The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
∥
State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering
Research Center (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
*
W
Web-Enhanced Feature *
S
Supporting Information
ABSTRACT: Nanopores have been used as a high
throughput tool for characterizing individual biomolecules
and nanoparticles. Here, we present the translocation of rigid
rod-shaped tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) through solid-state
nanopores. Interestingly, due to the high rigidity of TMV,
three types of events with distinctive characteristics at the
capture process and a strong current fluctuation during the
translocation of TMV are observed. A kinetic model is then
proposed to address the dynamic s of the translocation,
followed by corresponding dynamics simulations. The results
reveal that TMV has to rotate to fit and pass the pore when it
is captured by a nanopore with an angle larger than the
maximum angle that allows it to pass through. Then, we investigate the dependence of the rotation of TMV on the conductance
fluctuations at the blockade stage. The results show that the rotation of TMV during the passage through the pore affects the
current signal significantly. This study gives a fundamental understanding of the dynamics of rod-shaped particles translocating
through the nanopore and how the current responds to it. It opens a new possible way to characterize the rigidity of analytes by
nanopores.
N
anopores have been used as high throughput single-
molecule sensors for characterizing individual unlabeled
biomolecules,
1−7
as well as DNA/protein,
8,9
DNA/ligand,
10−12
and RNA/ligand complexes.
13
Due to the potential for
distinguishing four kinds of nucleic acids, one promising
application of nanopores is high-throughput label-free DNA
sequencing,
14
which may cut down the cost of sequencing to a
very low price.
One of the major challenges of this technique is under-
standing the dynamical processes of biopolymer translocation
through nanopores,
15,16
which is crucial for the development of
nanopore techniques to DNA sequencing. In a typical
nanopore measurement, each translocation event involves two
steps: capture and translocation.
17
Previous theoretical and
experimental studies were mainly focused on how DNA is
captured and translocated through nanopores and develop-
ments to control the motion of DNA by salt gradients,
17
surface
modification,
18,19
low-power visible light,
20
pressure,
21
gate
electrodes,
22
and so on. However, in the translocation of
flexible biopolymers (e.g., DNA), due to the various folding
configurations,
1
the random coil outside the pore while
translocating,
16,23
interactions with the pore wall,
24
stochastic
thermal motion, and so on,
25
it still remains challenging to
reveal the microscopy dynamics of the translocation from the
outcome complex current signals.
An alternative approach is to study the translocation of rigid
rod-shaped particles without folding and coil configurations,
26
which can address the drag effect due to various configurations
of biopolymers, opening a simpler way to study the physics of
nanopore translocation. Additionally, the expanding applica-
tions of nanopores for measuring the size and surface charge of
individual nanoparticles
27−30
and characterizing various-shaped
virus
26,31,32
led us to study the translocations of rigid particles
rather than flexible biopolymers.
McMullen et al. performed and simulated the translocation
of semiflexible filamentous bacteriophage fd virus which is 880
nm long and 6.6 nm in diameter with a persistence length P ≈
2.4 μm,
26
while Ling’s group reported a nonlinear electro-
Received: December 29, 2015
Accepted: January 21, 2016
Published: January 21, 2016
Article
pubs.acs.org/ac
© 2016 American Chemical Society 2502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04905
Anal. Chem. 2016, 88, 2502−2510
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