Ptwholopr
~n
(he
.S<hook
IYXO.
17,
IYh-?01
USING AND UPDATING LOCAL NORMS
STEPHEN N. ELLIOTT AND
BURKE
H.
BRETZING
’
Arizona
State
University
The most
useful
kind
of
norms are local norms collected by a test interpreter on a
population with which s/he is familiar. We present a rationale
for
the
use
of
local
norms and a procedure, illustrated with an example,
for
updating a norm group’s test
score mean and variance. It was concluded that test interpreters should build local
norms to
be
used in conjunction with norms based on a national sample, since local
norms can be more recent, relevant, and representative
for
local groups.
The most commonly used norms are based on national samples; however, local
norms are often more useful. Both Angoff (1971) and Cronbach (1970) stressed that
whenever possible test interpreters should calculate norms for the local groups with
which they deal. Although local norms have been advocated
in
several measurement
texts (e.g., Cronbach, 1970; Mehrens
&
Lehmann,
1973),
two current assessment texts
(Salvia
&
Ysseldyke, 1978; Sattler, 1974) do not mention their use.
In
addition, we ex-
amined all issues of
Journal
of
School Psychology
and
Psychology
in
the Schools
since
1970, and did not find an article discussing local norms. This surprised us,
for
it seems of
all people who use psychological tests, school psychologists have the most to gain from
using local norms.
School psychologists play a major role
in
programming and placement decisions for
children and are legally and morally responsible for their decisions; therefore, they are
in
need of reliable and meaningful documentation of children’s abilities.
We
believe local
norms for standard measures of intelligence, achievement, and adaptive behavior will
provide test interpreters with as much information as do national norms, and
in
cases
concerning minority children, probably more information. Thus, the purpose of this arti-
cle is to provide a rationale for using local norms and to describe a procedure for up-
dating the mean and variance of a norm group.
A
DeJinirion
of
Local
Norms
Norms are percentiles
or
standard score conversions derived from a distribution of
scores earned by an identified group. These score conversions enable one to make
statements about an individual’s performance
in
comparison to a particular group
in
which s/he is either a member
or
to a group
in
which s/he seeks membership.
“Local”
is
a relative term.
For
example, for educational purposes, one may
think
of
various ways
to
group
or
categorize people, such as by classroom
--*
grade
--.
building
+
school system
--.
county
--L
state
-+
region
-+
or nation.
A
unit occurring earlier
in
this se-
quence is “local”
in
comparison to units occurring later
in
the sequence.
In
this article,
the boundaries for local include classroom, grade, building,
or
school system, and subsets
(i.e., minority groups) within these units.
Requests
for
reprints should
be
sent to Stephen
N.
Elliott,
322L
Payne Hall, Dept.
of
Educational
We
would like to thank David
Krus
and Robert Ceurvorst
for
permission to use their notation and
for-
Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe,
AZ
85281,
mulas
for
updating means and variances. We also thank Raymond Dean
for
collection
of
data.
196
资源评论
weixin_38613173
- 粉丝: 4
- 资源: 928
最新资源
- 【TCN回归预测】TCN时间卷积神经网络数据回归预测（多输入单输出）【含Matlab源码 2317期】.zip
- 【电力负荷预测】EEMD+IWOA+LSSVM电力负荷预测【含Matlab源码 1810期】.zip
- c语言入门，简要的写明c语言的入门
- 永磁同步直线电机PMLSM矢量控制滑模控制SVPWM仿真模型的研究 外环控制器：PI与滑膜控制策略的效果分析与三相电流波形优化,永磁同步直线电机PMLSM矢量控制滑模控制SVPWM仿真模型的研究 外环
- 2025易支付新版PHP网站源码.zip
- Magic Formula与Dugoff模型MF模型对比实验的Matlab建模与程序代码，含纯纵滑、纯侧偏及复合工况Simulink仿真,Magic Formula与Dugoff模型对比实验的Matl
- 这个是有关于ppocr4的使用推理模型
- comsol技术引领的双目标函数流热优化与液冷板结构设计的融合探讨，关注最小化平均温度与最小流体功率耗散的无量纲化案例及参考文献分享交流 ,双目标函数流热优化在液冷板结构设计中的应用-最小化平均温度
- 基于`typecho开发的导航源码-BeaconNav 导航主题
- 基于NSDBO算法的MATLAB多目标优化程序包-集成多种测试函数与评价指标的工程应用案例研究,NSDBO算法的Matlab实现：多目标测试函数与评价指标的全面研究及工程应用案例,非支配排序多目标蜣
- 房地产营改增税负率测算表
- 永磁同步直线电机PMLSM矢量控制滑模控制SVPWM仿真模型研究：外环控制器性能分析与三相电流波形优化（附参考文献）,永磁同步直线电机PMLSM矢量控制滑模控制SVPWM仿真模型研究-外环控制器性能
- 电气安全知识问答-11003559.pdf
- sql语言的入门教程 欢迎下载
- 基于ECMS和EEMS控制策略的燃料电池能量管理仿真模型研究：多电动飞机应急电源系统分析,基于ECMS和EEMS策略的燃料电池能量管理系统的仿真与效果对比,基于ECMS控制策略的燃料电池能量管理 仿真
- 利用新算法PD近场动力学技术模拟三维复杂裂纹扩展过程：深入探索与精准预测,利用新算法PD模拟三维复杂裂纹扩展：近场动力学的创新应用与实践,用新算法pd 近场动力学模拟三维复杂裂纹扩展 ,核心关键词：新
资源上传下载、课程学习等过程中有任何疑问或建议，欢迎提出宝贵意见哦~我们会及时处理！
点击此处反馈
