stub in the proposed structure (0.55 k
0
) is reduced by 32% over
that of the LH structure (0.81 k
0
) in Ref. 13 which uses an in-
ductive iris and a shorted stub without dielectric material. This
result indicates that the enhanced inductance of L
s
down-shifts
the resonance frequency of the stub and can therefore shrink the
size of the shorted stub.
Moreover, the proposed structure has improved transmission
characteristic (|S
21
|<2.3 dB), over to the previous reported LH
waveguides, because the structure is free from the dielectric loss
in addition to operating above the cutoff frequency. Although
the transmission characteristic of the LH waveguide is far worse
for real-world application in a band-pass filter but it can be
applied to create a compact waveguide filter if the responses
such as insertion loss, group delay are optimized. Additionally,
the structure can be applied to real-world applications such as
leaky-wave antennas supporting backward radiation, backward-
wave oscillators generating RF sources, and the like.
5. CONCLUSION
A broadband LH rectangular waveguide operating above the cut-
off frequency is presented. It consists of using a shorted stub
without a dielectric material and twisted E-plane posts. The LH
structure with cross-connected posts creates double loops in the
surface currents between the twisted posts and stub and enhan-
ces the inductance of the stub. This peculiarity of the cross-con-
nected structure broadens the negative permeability the region
of the shorted stub due to the increased inductance. Therefore,
an LH waveguide can have a broader LH band compared with
the previous LH structure using SRRs, dielectric filled corruga-
tions or a shorted stub. Also, the structure contributes to the
design of compact LH waveguides working above the cutoff fre-
quency and using a shorted stub without dielectric materials
because of the enhanced inductance of L
s
down-shifting the res-
onance frequency of the stub. Moreover, the transmission char-
acteristic of the structure is improved compared with previously
reported LH waveguides, especially structures below the cutoff
frequency of the waveguide, because the structure is free from
the dielectric loss as well as operating above the cutoff fre-
quency. In order to design the LH waveguide, a cross-connected
equivalent circuit was derived and the sizes of the structure
were optimized. The measured results indicated that the pro-
posed LH waveguide has good transmission property as well as
a greatly improved LH fractional bandwidth of 26.5%.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was supported by the Mid-career Researcher Program
through the MEST under NRF Grant 2010-0013273
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V
C
2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
NOVEL HYBRID FOUR-MODE
MICROSTRIP BANDPASS FILTER
USING TWO PARALLELED
STUB-LOADED RESONATORS
Xuehui Guan,
1,2
Xiaoyan Wang,
1
Bin Wang,
1
Ye Yuan,
1
and
Haiwen Liu
1
1
School of Information Engineering, East China Jiaotong
University, Nanchang 330013, People’s Republic of China;
Corresponding author: xuehuiguan@yahoo.com.cn
2
State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Nanjing 210096,
People’s Republic of China
Received 31 July 2012
ABSTRACT: A novel hybrid four-mode microstrip bandpass filter
(BPF) is proposed in this paper. The filter is realized by association of
two stub-loaded dual-mode resonators. Two similar stub-loaded dual-
mode resonators are set in parallel. By appropriately arranging the two
dual-mode resonators and the coupling between resonators with the
microstrip feed lines, a new hybrid four-mode BPF is achieved. The
even- and odd-mode theory is introduced to minutely analyze dual-mode
resonators. Moreover the circuit model and coupling matrix of the filter
are built to further explain the proposed circuit. The proposed BPF is
simulated, fabricated, and measured. Two transmission zeros have been
achieved in the transition band of the filter, which improve the
performance of the filter. The EM simulated and measured results are
presented and excellent agreement is obtained validates the design
concept.
V
C
2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett
55:840–845, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com.
DOI: 10.1002/mop.27418
Key words: hybrid four-mode filter; coupling matrix; stub-loaded dual-
mode resonator
840 MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 55, No. 4, April 2013 DOI 10.1002/mop