Effect of different buffer-layers on near-infrared response of GaAs
photocathodes
Yijun Zhang
∗a
, Cheng Feng
a
, Feng Shi
b
, Xiaohui Wang
c
, Xinxin Liu
a
, Xiang Zhang
a
,
Yunsheng Qian
a
a
School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology,
Nanjing 210094, China;
b
Science and Technology on Low-Light-Level Night Vision Laboratory, Xi'an 710065, China;
c
School of Optoelectronic Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu
610054, China
ABSTRACT
In view that enhancing near-infrared response of photocathodes is critical to the detection performance, we propose two
technical approaches by changing the structure of buffer-layer underneath the active-layer, wherein one is to produce a
graded band gap using the graded-composition structure, and the other is to produce a distributed Bragg reflector using
the AlAs/GaAs supperlattice structure. Three types of reflection-mode GaAs photocathode samples grown by molecular
beam epitaxy were prepared under the same condition. By comparison of activation photocurrent and spectral response
among the three different samples, it is found that compared with the conventional sample, the samples with graded-
composition and distributed Bragg reflector can obtain higher photocurrent and better response. The measured results of
spectral response indicate that the samples without a distributed Bragg reflector exhibit a typical smooth spectral
behavior, while the spectral response of the sample with a distributed Bragg reflector structure has a different resonance
feature. The sample with the distributed Bragg reflector structure can obtain higher response than those without
distributed Bragg reflector at some near-infrared wavelength positions. The peak positions of spectral response curve
agree quite well with the dip positions in the reflectivity spectrum. This agreement demonstrates that the response
enhancements are ascribed to the resonant absorption effect.
Keywords: GaAs photocathode, near-infrared response, graded-composition, distributed Bragg reflector, molecular
beam epitaxy
1. INTRODUCTION
Up to now, negative-electron-affinity GaAs photocathodes have already found widespread application in many fields,
importantly such as of vacuum detectors for photo-electric imaging detection and polarized electron sources for high
energy physics research
[1-4]
. As for photodetectors working at night or in a low-light-level environment, the improvement
of spectral response in the near-infrared (NIR) region would significantly increases detection, recognition, and
identification of targets
[2,3]
. Besides, when photocathodes are used as spin-polarized electron sources for high-energy
experiments, some important parameters such as high quantum efficiency, high spin polarization, low thermal emittance,
fast time response, long lifetime are required. So far, GaAs photocathode is regarded to have the lowest known lowest
thermal emittance of 25 meV for laser excitation near the band gap
[1]
. Furthermore, the high spin polarization is achieved
at the expense of quantum efficiency. As is well known, the maximal spin polarization of photoelectrons takes place at
the photoabsorption threshold where the photoabsorption coefficient is rather small. Therefore, improving the quantum
efficiency near the band gap threshold of GaAs photocathodes to the greatest extent is pressing. Quantum efficiency for
photocathodes based on external photoeffect relies on the incident light absorption in the bulk, and then how to enhance
the incident light absorption appears critical. In general, the quantum efficiency of reflection-mode (r-mode)
photocathodes is higher than that of transmission-mode ones, arising from the difference in the light absorption
[5,6]
.
Besides, the r-mode photocathodes possess the significant simplification of manufacturing process and a consequent
price reduction. Through the suitable optical geometry design, the favorable detectors can operate in the r-mode, such as
ReFerence and TransReFerence photosensors
[6,7]
.
∗
Corresponding author. E-mail: zhangyijun423@126.com; Phone: 86 25 84303075; Fax: 86 25 84303075;
edited by Nibir K. Dhar, Achyut K. Dutta, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 10209, 1020918
Proc. of SPIE Vol. 10209 1020918-1