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RENEWABLE

ENERGY BENEFITS

LEVERAGING LOCAL CAPACITY

FOR SMALL-SCALE HYDROPOWER

ABOUTIRENA

The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) is an intergovernmental organisation that supports

countries in their transition to a sustainable energy future, and serves as the principal platform for

international co-operation, a centre of excellence, and a repository of policy, technology, resource and

ﬁnancial knowledge on renewable energy. IRENA promotes the widespread adoption and sustainable

use of all forms of renewable energy, including bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, ocean, solar and

wind energy, in the pursuit of sustainable development, energy access, energy security and low-carbon

economic growth and prosperity. www.irena.org

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This report was developed under the guidance of Rabia Ferroukhi (Director, IRENA Knowledge, Policy

and Finance Centre). It was authored by Celia García-Baños (IRENA) and Dipti Vaghela (HPNET), and

reviewed by Michael Renner (IRENA). The report beneﬁted from contributions by Divyam Nagpal and

Arslan Khalid (IRENA). Statistical information on current deployment was provided by Dennis Akande,

Iman Ahmed and Milidzani Vikani (IRENA). Imen Gherboudj, Sibghat Ullah and Sujan Adhikari (IRENA)

contributed with resource potential data.

The report beneﬁtted from external review and valuable inputs from Madhusudhan Adhikari (AEPC);

Satish Gautam (AEPC-UNDP), Robert Matthews (AES); Meherban Khan and Sherzad Ali Khan (AKRSP);

Ardi Nugraha and Sentanu Hindrakusuma (Asosiasi Hidro Bandung); Aleyda Amorales, Felix Rosales, Jose

Luis Olivas Flores, Rebecca Leaf (ATDER-BL); Jaime Muñoz (Asofenix); Tony Kalupahana (Enersense);

Aarti Reddy, Jorge Nieto Jimenez, Ranisha Basnet, Tarannum Sahar (HPNET); Biraj Gautam, Mahesh

Shrestha, and Prem Karki (PEEDA); Vishwa Bhushan Amatya (ex-Practical Action Nepal), Dr. Hedi Feibel

(Skat Consulting), and Bikash Pandey (Winrock International).

DISCLAIMER

This publication and the material herein are provided “as is”. All reasonable precautions have been taken by IRENA to verify the

reliability of the material in this publication. However, neither IRENA nor any of its ocials, agents, data or other third-party

content providers, provides a warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, and they accept no responsibility or liability for any

consequence of use of the publication or material herein.

The information contained herein does not necessarily represent the views of all Members of IRENA. The mention of speciﬁc

companies or certain projects or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by IRENA in preference to

others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The designations employed, and the presentation of material herein, do not imply

the expression of any opinion on the part of IRENA concerning the legal status of any region, country, territory, city or area or of its

authorities, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries.

©IRENA

Unless otherwisestatedmaterialinthispublication maybefreelyused sharedcopiedreproduced

printedandorstoredprovidedthatappropriateacknowledgementisgivenofIRENAasthesourceand

termsofuseandrestrictionsAppropriatepermissionsfromthesethirdpartiesmayneedtobesecured

beforeanyuseofsuchmaterial

ISBN----

CitationIRENA()RenewableenergybeneﬁtsLeveraginglocalcapacityforsmall-scalehydropower

InternationalRenewableEnergyAgencyAbuDhabi

FIGURES

Figure 1 Regional installed and potential small-scale hydropower capacities

up to 1 MW in 2019 ........................................................................................................................................... 13

Figure 2 Overview and characteristics of small-scale hydropower (< 1 MW)................................................. 14

Figure 3 Integration of hydro mini-grid value chains for implementation, utilisation and climate

adaptation ........................................................................................................................................................... 16

Figure 4 Implementation value chain of small-scale hydropower ......................................................................17

Figure 5 Distribution of human resources required along the value chain for pico,

micro and mini hydro plants ......................................................................................................................... 18

Figure 6 Distribution of skills required for pico, micro and mini hydro plants ............................................... 19

Figure 7 Human resources required for project feasibility activities for a 5 kW,

50 kW and 500 kW plant, by occupation ................................................................................................ 22

Figure 8 Human resources required for planning and procurement activities for a 5 kW,

50 kW and 500 kW plant, by occupation ................................................................................................ 24

Figure 9 Human resources required for manufacturing activities for a 5 kW,

50 kW and 500 kW plant, by occupation ................................................................................................30

Figure 10 Human resources required for installation and connection activities for a 5 kW,

50 kW and 500 kW plant, by occupation .................................................................................................33

Figure 11 Human resources required for operation and maintenance of a 5 kW,

50 kW and 500 kW plant, by occupation (40-year lifetime) ............................................................ 36

Figure 12 Ecosystem needs for livelihood-centric approach ................................................................................ 38

Figure 13 Utilisation value chain for small-scale hydropower ..............................................................................40

Figure 14 Links between watersheds of hydro mini-grids and the water-food-energy nexus .................. 43

Figure 15 Climate adaptation value chain for small-scale hydropower ............................................................. 43

Figure 16 Beneﬁts from phase interlinkages when hydro mini-grid implementation

and adaptation are done in parallel ........................................................................................................... 47

Figure 17 Stakeholder links between hydro mini-grids and watershed management for climate

adaptation .......................................................................................................................................................... 47

Figure 18 Social asset only model (a) and social enterprise model for hydro mini-grids (b) .....................50

Figure 19 Mechanisms to enable and scale up local practitioners in small-scale hydro

development ......................................................................................................................................................57