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Sileika

Shelve in

Programming Languages/General

User level:

Intermediate–Advanced

www.apress.com

SOURCE CODE ONLINE

BOOKS FOR PROFESSIONALS BY PROFESSIONALS

Pro Python System Administration

Pro Python System Administration, Second Edition explains and shows how to apply

Python scripting in practice. It will show you how to approach and resolve real-world

issues that most system administrators will come across in their careers. This book has

been updated using Python 2.7 and Python 3 where appropriate. It also uses various

new and relevant open source projects and tools that should now be used in practice.

In this updated edition, you will find several projects in the categories of network

administration, web server administration, and monitoring and database management.

In each project, the author will define the problem, design the solution, and go through

the more interesting implementation steps. Each project is accompanied by the source

code of a fully working prototype, which you’ll be able to use immediately or adapt to

your requirements and environment.

This book is primarily aimed at experienced system administrators whose

day-to-day tasks involve looking after and managing small-to-medium-sized server

estates. It will also be beneficial for system administrators who want to learn more

about automation and want to apply their Python knowledge to solve various system

administration problems. Python developers will also benefit from reading this

book, especially if they are involved in developing automation and management tools.

You’ll learn how to:

• Solve real-world system administration problems using Python

• Manage devices with SNMP and SOAP

• Build a distributed monitoring system

• Manage web applications and parse complex log files

• Monitor and manage MySQL databases automatically

SECOND

EDITION

9781484 202180

55999

ISBN 978-1-4842-0218-0

www.it-ebooks.info

Contents at a Glance

About the Author �� xvii

About the Technical Reviewers �� xix

Acknowledgments �� xxi

Introduction �� xxiii

Chapter 1: Reading and Collecting Performance Data Using SNMP ■ ��1

Chapter 2: Managing Devices Using the SOAP API ■ ��37

Chapter 3: Creating a Web Application for IP Address Accountancy ■ ��79

Chapter 4: Integrating the IP Address Application with DHCP ■ ��111

Chapter 5: Maintaining a List of Virtual Hosts in an Apache Conﬁguration File ■ ��143

Chapter 6: Gathering and Presenting Statistical Data from Apache Log Files ■ ��163

Chapter 7: Performing Complex Searches and Reporting on Application Log Files ■ ��189

Chapter 8: A Website Availability Check Script for Nagios ■ ��217

Chapter 9: Management and Monitoring Subsystem ■ ��241

Chapter 10: Remote Monitoring Agents ■ ��275

Chapter 11: Statistics Gathering and Reporting ■ ��301

Chapter 12: Distributed Message Processing System ■ ��331

Chapter 13: Automatic MySQL Database Performance Tuning ■ ��349

Chapter 14: Using Amazon EC2/S3 as a Data Warehouse Solution ■ ��367

Index ��391

www.it-ebooks.info

xxiii

Introduction

e role of the system administrator has grown dramatically over the years. e number of systems supported

by a single engineer has also increased. As such, it is impractical to handcraft each installation, and there is a

need to automate as many tasks as possible. e structure of systems varies from organization to organization,

therefore system administrators must be able to create their own management tools. Historically, the most popular

programming languages for these tasks were UNIX shell and Perl. ey served their purposes well, and I doubt they

will ever cease to exist. However, the complexity of current systems requires new tools, and the Python programming

language is one of them.

Python is an object-oriented programming language suitable for developing large-scale applications. Its syntax

and structure make it very easy to read—so much so that the language is sometimes referred to as “executable

pseudocode.” e Python interpreter allows for interactive execution, so in some situations an administrator can use

it instead of a standard UNIX shell. Although Python is primarily an object-oriented language, it is easily adopted

for procedural and functional styles of programming. Given all that, Python makes a perfect t as a new language for

implementing system administration applications. ere are a large number of Linux system utilities already written

in Python, such as the Yum package manager and Anaconda, the Linux installation program.

The Prerequisites for Using this Book

is book is about using the Python programming language to solve specic system administration tasks. We look at

the four distinctive system administration areas: network management, web server and web application management,

database system management, and system monitoring. Although I explain in detail most of the technologies used in

this book, bear in mind that the main goal here is to display the practical application of the Python libraries so as to

solve rather specic issues. erefore, I assume that you are a seasoned system administrator. You should be able to

nd additional information yourself; this book gives you a rough guide for how to reach your goal, but you must be

able to work out how to adapt it to your specic system and environment.

As we discuss the examples, you will be asked to install additional packages and libraries. In most cases, I provide

the commands and instructions to perform these tasks on a Fedora system, but you should be ready to adopt the

instructions to the Linux distribution that you are going to use. Most of the examples also work without many

modication on a recent OS X release (10.10.X).

I also assume that you have a background in the Python programming language. I introduce the specic

libraries that are used in system administration tasks, as well as some lesser known or less often discussed language

functionality, such as the generator functions or the class internal methods, but the basic language syntax is

not explained here. If you want to refresh your Python skills, I recommend the following books: Pro Python by

Marty Alchin and J. Burton Browning (Apress, 2012; but watch for a new edition due to be released in early 2015);

Python Programming for the Absolute Beginner by Mike Dawson (Course Technology PTR, 2010); and Core Python

Applications Programming by Wesley Chun (Prentice Hall, 2012)

All examples presented in this book assume the Python version 2.7. is is mostly dictated by the libraries that

are used in the examples. Some libraries have been ported to Python 3; however, some have not. So if you need to run

Python 3, make sure you check that the required libraries have Python 3 support.

www.it-ebooks.info

■ IntroduCtIon

xxiv

The Structure of this Book

is book contains 14 chapters, and each chapter solves a distinctive problem. Some examples span multiple

chapters, but even then, each chapter deals with a specic aspect of the particular problem.

In addition to the chapters, several other organizational layers characterize this book. First, I grouped the

chapters by the problem type. Chapters 1 to 4 deal with network management issues; Chapters 5 to 7 talk about the

Apache web server and web application management; Chapters 8 to 11 are dedicated to monitoring and statistical

calculations; and Chapters 12 and 13 focus on database management issues.

Second, I maintain a common pattern in all chapters. I start with the problem statement and then move on to

gather requirements and proceed through the design phase before moving into the implementation section.

ird, each chapter focuses on one or more technologies and the Python libraries that provide the language

interface for the particular technology. Examples of such technologies could be the SOAP protocol, application

plug-in architecture, or cloud computing concepts.

More specically, here’s a breakdown of the chapters:

Chapter 1: Reading and Collecting Performance Data Using SNMP

Most network-attached devices expose the internal counters via the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).

is chapter explains basic SNMP principles and the data structure. We then look at the Python libraries that provide

the interface to SNMP–enabled devices. We also investigate the round robin database, which is the de facto standard

for storing the statistical data. Finally, we look at the Jinja2 template framework, which allows us to generate simple

web pages.

Chapter 2: Managing Devices Using the SOAP API

Complicated tasks, such as managing the device conguration, cannot be easily done by using SNMP because

the protocol is too simplistic. erefore, advanced devices, such as the Citrix Netscaler load balancers, provide the

SOAP API interface to the device management system. In this chapter, we investigate the SOAP API structure and the

libraries that enable the SOAP–based communication from the Python programming language. We also look at the

basic logging functionality using the built-in libraries. is second edition of the book includes examples of how to

use the new REST API to manage the load balancer devices.

Chapter 3: Creating a Web Application for IP Address Accountancy

In this chapter, we build a web application that maintains the list of the assigned IP addresses and the address

ranges. We learn how to create web applications using the Django framework. I show you the way the Django

application should be structured, tell how to create and congure the application settings, and explain the URL

structure. We also investigate how to deploy the Django application using the Apache web server.

Chapter 4: Integrating the IP Address Application with DHCP

is chapter expands on the previous chapter, and we implement the DHCP address range support. We also look

at some advanced Django programming techniques, such as customizing the response MIME type and serving AJAX

calls. is second edition adds new functionality to manage dynamic DHCP leases using OMAPI protocol.

Chapter 5: Maintaining a List of Virtual Hosts in an Apache Conguration File

is is another Django application that we develop in this book, but this time our focus is on the Django

administration interface. While building the Apache conguration management application, you learn how to

customize the default Django administration interface with your own views and functions.

www.it-ebooks.info

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zhajianc

2015-08-20

很有用。经典书籍之一！
zerodaemon

2015-03-04

非常好，文字清晰排版好
sunwu_siat

2015-04-16

该书是python的经典教程之一，扫描的也很清楚！赞一个！
alex6801

2016-09-13

非常好，文字清晰排版好
Ali

2017-10-11

好资料，谢谢分享。

yinkaisheng-nj

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