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ISO 14001 2015 环境管理体系要求及使用指南 中英文.docx
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ISO 14001 2015 环境管理体系要求及使用指南 中英文.docx
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Environmental management systems —
Requirements with guidance for use
ISO 14001:2015(E)
Third edition
2015-09-15
Introduction.............................
1 Scope...............................................
2 Normative references..................................
3 Terms and definitions.................................
3.1 Terms related to organization and leadership..
3.2 Terms related to planning............
3.3 Terms related to support and operation.....................
3.4 Terms related to performance evaluation and improvement
4 Context of the organization......
4.1 Understanding the organization and its context......
4.2 Understanding the needs and expectations of interested parties....
4.3 Determining the scope of the environmental management
system....
4.4 Environmental management system............
5 Leadership...........
5.1 Leadership and commitment........
5.2 Environmental policy.......................
5.3 Organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities.
6 Planning.
6.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities...
6.1.1 General................
6.1.2 Environmental aspects........
6.1.3 Compliance obligations.........
6.1.4 Planning action................
6.2 Environmental objectives and planning to achieve them....
6.2.1 Environmental objectives........
6.2.2 Planning actions to achieve environmental objectives...
7 Support............
7.1 Resources.............
7.2 Competence.................
7.3 Awareness...................
7.4 Communication............
7.4.1 General......................
环境管理体系
要求及使用指南
GB/T24001-2016 idt ISO14001:2015
代替GB/T24001-2004
(正式发布稿)
2016-10-13 发布 2017-05-01 实施
引言…
1 范围...
2规范性引用文件 .....
3术语和定义 ......
3.1与组织和领导作用有关的术语…………
3.2与策划有关的术语……
3.3与支持和运行有关的术语…
3.4与绩效评价和改进有关的术语…
4组织所处的环境………
4.1理解组织及其所处的环境……
4.2理解相关方的需求和期望…
4.3确定环境管理体系的范围…
4.4环境管理体系…………………
5领导作用……
5.1领导作用与承诺…
5.2环境方针............
5.3组织的角色、职责和权限 ....
6. 策划.........
6.1应对风险和机遇的措施 ..
6.1.1总则
6.1.2环境因素..........
6.1.3合规义务....
6.1.4措施的策划......
6.2环境目标及其实现的策划 ....
6.2.1环境目标.......
6.2.2实现环境目标的措施的策划 .
7.支持.....
7.1资源 ..
7.2能力 ......
7.3意识 .....
7.4信息交流....
7.4.1总则 .....
2 / 38
7.4.2 Internal communication..........
7.4.3 External communication...........
7.5 Documented information................
7.5.1 General.................
7.5.2 Creating and updating..............
7.5.3 Control of documented information......
8 Operation.....
8.1 Operational planning and control...........
8.2 Emergency preparedness and response.....
9 Performance evaluation.............
9.1 Monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation........
9.1.1 General.............
9.1.2 Evaluation of compliance..........
9.2 Internal audit......................
9.2.1 General....................
9.2.2 Internal audit programme..........
9.3 Management review................
10 Improvement................
10.1 General...................
10.2 Nonconformity and corrective action
10.3 Continual improvement..........
Annex A (informative) Guidance on the use of this International
Standard.
Annex B (informative) Correspondence between ISO 14001:2015
and ISO 14001:2004..(略)
Bibliography..................
Introduction
0.1 Background
Achieving a balance between the environment, society and the
economy is considered essential to meet the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
needs. Sustainable development as a goal is achieved by balancing
the three pillars of sustainability.
Societal expectations for sustainable development, transparency and
accountability have evolved with increasingly stringent legislation,
growing pressures on the environment from pollution, inefficient use
of resources, improper waste management, climate change,
degradation of ecosystems and loss of biodiversity.
This has led organizations to adopt a systematic approach to
environmental management by implementing environmental
management systems with the aim of contributing to the
environmental pillar of sustainability.
0.2 Aim of an environmental management system
The purpose of this International Standard is to provide organizations
with a framework to protect the environment and respond to
changing environmental conditions in balance with socio-economic
7.4.2内部信息交流 .....
7.4.3外部信息交流 .....
7.5文件化信息 .....
7.5.1总则 ...
7.5.2创建和更新....
7.5.3文件化信息的控制 .....
8运行.....
8.1运行策划和控制 ...
8.2应急准备和响应 ......
9绩效评价 .....
9.1监视、测量、分析和评价 .
9.1.1总则 .......
9.1.2合规性评价......
9.2内部审核.....
9.2.1总则 ......
9.2.2内部审核方案 ......
9.3管理评审.....
10改进 ...
10.1总则 ....
10.2 不符合和纠正措施 .......
10.3持续改进........
附录A(资料性附录)本标准使用指南......
附 录 B ( 资 料 性 附 录 ) GB/T24001-2016 与
GB/T24001-2004的对应情况
参考文献…
引 言
0.1 背景
为了既满足当代人的需求,又不损害后代人满
足其需求的能力,必须实现环境、社会和经济
三者之间的平衡。通过平衡这“三大支柱”的可
持续性,以实现可持续发展目标。
随着法律法规的日趋严格,以及因污染、资源
的低效使用、废物管理不当、气候变化、生态
系统退化、生物多样性减少等给环境造成的压
力不断增大,社会对可持续发展、透明度和责
任的期望值已发生了变化。
因此,各组织通过实施环境管理体系,采用系
统的方法进行环境管理,以期为“环境支柱”的
可持续性做出贡献。
0.2 环境管理体系的目的
本标准旨在为各组织提供框架,以保护环境,
响应变化的环境状况,同时与社会经济需求保
持平衡。
3 / 38
needs. It specifies requirements that enable an organization to
achieve the intended outcomes it sets for its environmental
management system.
A systematic approach to environmental management can provide
top management with information to build success over the long term
and create options for contributing to sustainable development by:
— protecting the environment by preventing or mitigating adverse
environmental impacts;
— mitigating the potential adverse effect of environmental
conditions on the organization;
— assisting the organization in the fulfilment of compliance
obligations;
— enhancing environmental performance;
— controlling or influencing the way the organization’s products and
services are designed, manufactured, distributed, consumed and
disposed by using a life cycle perspective that can prevent
environmental impacts from being unintentionally shifted elsewhere
within the life cycle;
— achieving financial and operational benefits that can result from
implementing environmentally sound alternatives that strengthen the
organization’s market position;
— communicating environmental information to relevant interested
parties.
This International Standard, like other International Standards, is not
intended to increase or change an organization’s legal requirements.
0.3 Success factors
The success of an environmental management system depends on
commitment from all levels and functions of the organization, led by
top management. Organizations can leverage opportunities to prevent
or mitigate adverse environmental impacts and enhance beneficial
environmental impacts, particularly those with strategic and
competitive implications. Top management can effectively address
its risks and opportunities by integrating environmental management
into the organization’s business processes, strategic direction and
decision making, aligning them with other business priorities, and
incorporating environmental governance into its overall management
system. Demonstration of successful implementation of this
International Standard can be used to assure interested parties that an
effective environmental management system is in place.
Adoption of this International Standard, however, will not in itself
guarantee optimal environmental outcomes. Application of this
International Standard can differ from one organization to another
due to the context of the organization. Two organizations can carry
out similar activities but can have different compliance obligations,
commitments in their environmental policy, environmental
technologies and environmental performance goals, yet both can
conform to the requirements of this International Standard.
The level of detail and complexity of the environmental management
system will vary depending on the context of the organization, the
本标准规定了环境管理体系的要求,使组织能
够实现其设定的环境管理体系的预期结果。
环境管理的系统方法可向最高管理者提供信
息,通过下列途径以获得长期成功,并为促进
可持续发展创建可选方案:
——预防或减轻不利环境影响以保护环境;
——减轻环境状况对组织的潜在不利影响;
——帮助组织履行合规义务;
——提升环境绩效;
——运用生命周期观点,控制或影响组织的产
品和服务的设计、制造、交付、消费和处置的
方式,能够防止环境影响被无意地转移到生命
周期的其他阶段;
——实施环境友好的、且可巩固组织市场地位
的可选方案,以获得财务和运营收益;
——与有关的相关方沟通环境信息。
本标准不拟增加或改变对组织的法律法规要
求。
0.3 成功因素
环境管理体系的成功实施取决于最高管理者
领导下的组织各层次和职能的承诺。
组织可利用机遇,尤其是那些具有战略和竞争
意义的机遇,预防或减轻不利的环境影响,增
强有益的环境影响。
通过将环境管理融入到组织的业务过程、战略
方向和决策制定过程,与其他业务的优先项相
协调,并将环境管理纳入组织的全面管理体系
中,最高管理者就能够有效地应对其风险和机
遇。成功实施本标准可使相关方确信组织已建
立了有效的环境管理体系。
然而,采用本标准本身并不保证能够获得最佳
环境结果。本标准的应用可因组织所处环境的
不同而存在差异。
两个组织可能从事类似的活动,但是可能拥有
不同的合规义务、环境方针承诺,使用不同的
环境技术,并有不同的环境绩效目标,然而它
们均可能满足本标准的要求。
环境管理体系的详略和复杂程度将取决于组
织所处的环境、其环境管理体系的范围、其合
4 / 38
scope of its environmental management system, its compliance
obligations, and the nature of its activities, products and services,
including its environmental aspects and associated environmental
impacts.
0.4 Plan-Do-Check-Act model
The basis for the approach underlying an environmental management
system is founded on the concept of Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA).
The PDCA model provides an iterative process used by organizations
to achieve continual improvement. It can be applied to an
environmental management system and to each of its individual
elements. It can be briefly described as follows.
— Plan: establish environmental objectives and processes necessary
to deliver results in accordance with the organization’s
environmental policy.
— Do: implement the processes as planned.
— Check: monitor and measure processes against the environmental
policy, including its commitments, environmental objectives and
operating criteria, and report the results.
— Act: take actions to continually improve.
Figure 1 shows how the framework introduced in this International
Standard could be integrated into a PDCA model, which can help
new and existing users to understand the importance of a systems
approach.
Figure 1 — Relationship between PDCA and the framework in
this International Standard
0.5 Contents of this International Standard
This International Standard conforms to ISO’s requirements for
management system standards. These requirements include a high
level structure, identical core text, and common terms with core
definitions, designed to benefit users implementing multiple ISO
management system standards.
This International Standard does not include requirements specific to
other management systems, such as those for quality, occupational
health and safety, energy or financial management. However, this
International Standard enables an organization to use a common
规义务,及其活动、产品和服务的性质,包括
其环境因素和相关的环境影响。
0.4 策划-实施-检查-改进 模式
构成环境管理体系的方法是基于策划、实施、
检查与改进(PDCA)的概念。
PDCA模式为组织提供了一个循环渐进的过程,
用以实现持续改进。
该模式可应用于环境管理体系及其每个单独
的要素。该模式可简述如下:
——策划:建立所需的环境目标和过程,以实
现与组织的环境方针相一致的结果。
——实施:实施所策划的过程。
——检查:根据环境方针,包括其承诺、环境
目标和运行准则,对过程进行监视和测量,并
报告结果。
——改进:采取措施以持续改进。
图1展示了本标准采用的结构如何融入PDCA模
式,它能够帮助新的和现有的使用者理解系统
方法的重要性。
图1: PDCA 与本标准结构之间的关系
0.5 本标准内容
本标准符合ISO 对管理体系标准的要求。
这些要求包括一个高阶结构,相同的核心正文,
以及具有核心定义的通用术语,目的是方便使
用者实施多个ISO 管理体系标准。
本标准不包含针对其他管理体系的要求,例如:
质量、职业健康安全,能源或财务管理。然而,
本标准使组织能够运用共同的方法和基于风
险的思维,将其环境管理体系与其他管理体系
5 / 38
approach and risk-based thinking to integrate its environmental
management system with the requirements of other management
systems.
This International Standard contains the requirements used to assess
conformity. An organization that wishes to demonstrate conformity
with this International Standard can do so by:
— making a self-determination and self-declaration, or
— seeking confirmation of its conformance by parties having an
interest in the organization, such as customers, or
— seeking confirmation of its self-declaration by a party external to
the organization, or
— seeking certification/registration of its environmental
management system by an external organization.
Annex A provides explanatory information to prevent
misinterpretation of the requirements of this International Standard.
Annex B shows broad technical correspondence between the
previous edition of this International Standard and this edition.
Implementation guidance on environmental management systems is
included in ISO 14004.
In this International Standard, the following verbal forms are used:
— “shall” indicates a requirement;
— “should” indicates a recommendation;
— “may” indicates a permission;
— “can” indicates a possibility or a capability.
Information marked as “NOTE” is intended to assist the
understanding or use of the document. “Notes to entry” used in
Clause 3 provide additional information that supplements the
terminological data and can contain provisions relating to the use of a
term.
The terms and definitions in Clause 3 are arranged in conceptual
order, with an alphabetical index provided at the end of the
document.
Environmental management systems —
Requirements with guidance for use
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the requirements for an
environmental management system that an organization can use to
enhance its environmental performance. This International Standard
is intended for use by an organization seeking to manage its
environmental responsibilities in a systematic manner that
contributes to the environmental pillar of sustainability.
This International Standard helps an organization achieve the
intended outcomes of its environmental management system, which
provide value for the environment, the organization itself and
interested parties. Consistent with the organization’s environmental
policy, the intended outcomes of an environmental management
的要求进行整合。
本标准包括了评价符合性所需的要求。
任何有愿望的组织均可能通过以下方式证实
符合本标准:
——进行自我评价和自我声明;或
——寻求组织的相关方(例如:顾客),对其
符合性进行确认;或
——寻求组织的外部机构对其自我声明的确
认;或
——寻求外部组织对其环境管理体系进行认
证或注册。
附录A 提供了解释性信息以防止对本标准要
求的错误理解。
附录B 显示了本标准现行版本与以往版本之
间概括的技术对照。
有关环境管理体系的实施指南包含在GB/T
24004 中。
本标准使用以下助动词:
——“应”(shall)表示要求;
——“应当”(should)表示建议;
——“可以”(may)表示允许;
——“可、可能、能够”(can)表示可能性或
能力。
标记“注”的信息旨在帮助理解或使用本文件。
第3章使用的“注”提供了附加信息,以补充术
语信息,可能包括使用术语的相关规定。
第3章中的术语和定义按照概念的顺序进行编
排,本文件最后还给出了按字母顺序的索引。
环境管理体系
要求及使用指南
1 范围 (本标准的适用范围)
本标准规定了组织能够用于提升其环境绩效
的环境管理体系要求。
本标准可供寻求以系统的方式管理其环境责
任的组织使用,从而为“环境支柱”的可持续性
做出贡献。
本标准可帮助组织实现其环境管理体系的预
期结果,这些结果将为环境、组织自身和相关
方带来价值。
与组织的环境方针保持一致的环境管理体系
预期结果包括:
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