【知识点解析】
这篇文档标题和描述提及的是高中英语必修1人教版的"Unit 4 Earthquakes"，这是一份关于地震的导学案，主要涉及的是与地震相关的词汇学习和预习。
1. **重点词汇**：
- 坚定，发抖：resolute, tremble
- 地震：earthquake
- 井：well
- 上升，增加，发迹：rise
- 发臭的：foul
- 突然爆发：erupt
- 废墟，毁灭：ruins
- 特别的：particular
- 损害，损害 v.: damage
- 幸存者，残存物：survivor
- 毁坏 v.: devastate
- 砖块：brick
- 无用的：useless
- 震撼，攻击：jolt
- 营救：rescue
- 电：electricity
- 灾害：disaster
- 结构 v.: construct
- 埋葬，隐藏：bury
- 矿，矿井：mine
- 遮蔽，遮蔽处：shelter
- 揣摸：guess
- 名誉，给以名誉：honor
- 新鲜的，无阅历的：fresh
- 百分率：percentage
- 裂缝，使开裂：crack
- 蒸汽，水汽：steam
- 使惊吓，威吓：frighten
- 受惊的，受威吓的：frightened
- 祝贺 n.: congratulations
- 裁判员 n.; 揣摸 v.: referee
- 表达 v., 速递：convey
- 骑自行车的人：cyclist
- 军队：army
- 准备 v.: prepare
2. **重点短语**：
- right away = immediately 立即
- burst out = burst into 突然发出（如哭、笑）
- cry one's heart out 痛哭
- come to an end 结束
- lay in ruins 成为废墟
- dig out 掘出，发现
- be/bury oneself in 全神贯注于...
- a number of 许多
- give off 分发出（气味、热量等）
- give a speech 做演讲
- from/by 从...揣测
- in honor of 为了纪念...
- tens of thousands of 不计其数
- get ready 做好准备
- begin to wake up 开始醒来
- think little of 对...评价不高
- think highly of 对...高度评价
- rescue workers 营救人员
- be missing = be lost 失踪
- build shelters for survivors 为幸存者修建避难所
- take pride in = be proud of 为...感到自豪
- win the competition 赢得比赛
- be pleased to do sth. 高兴做某事
- break out 爆发
- be trapped under sth. 被困在...下面
- north of 在...的北边
- put up 搭建（如临时住所）
3. **语法**：
- 关系代词who/whom/whose/that/which引导的定语从句用于修饰名词或代词，例如："The man who helped me is my friend."
4. **口语表达**：
- 表达感谢：I would like to express my gratitude to... (我想向...表示我的感谢)
- 描述地震情况：
- "It was terrifying when..." (当...时真是恐惧)
- "It felt as if the ground was splitting apart." (就好像地面正在分裂)
- "I remember the ground shaking violently." (我记得地面剧烈摇晃)
- "I felt my heart pounding with fear." (我觉得自己心跳加速，恐惧不已)
- "Not long after that, chaos erupted." (那之后不久，混乱爆发了)
- "Fortunately, we managed to escape unharmed." (幸运的是，我们成功地逃了出来)
以上内容是围绕Unit 4 Earthquakes的主题，涵盖了词汇、短语和基本的语法知识，旨在帮助学生预习和理解有关地震的英语知识。
