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April 2017

DocID027328 Rev 2

1/1166

www.st.com

UM1850

User manual

Description of STM32F1 HAL and Low-layer drivers

Introduction

STMCube

is an STMicroelectronics original initiative to make developers' lives easier by reducing

development efforts, time and cost. STM32Cube covers the whole STM32 portfolio.

STM32Cube Version 1.x includes:

STM32CubeMX, a graphical software configuration tool that allows the generation of C initialization

code using graphical wizards.

A comprehensive embedded software platform, delivered per series (such as STM32CubeF1 for

STM32F1 series)

The STM32Cube HAL, STM32 abstraction layer embedded software ensuring maximized

portability across the STM32 portfolio

Low Layer APIs (LL) offering a fast light-weight expert-oriented layer which is closer to the

hardware than the HAL. LL APIs are available only for a set of peripherals.

A consistent set of middleware components such as RTOS, USB, TCP/IP, Graphics

All embedded software utilities delivered with a full set of examples.

The HAL driver layer provides a generic multi-instance simple set of APIs (application programming

interfaces) to interact with the upper layer (application, libraries and stacks).

The HAL driver APIs are split into two categories: generic APIs which provide common and generic

functions for all the STM32 series and extension APIs which include specific and customized functions

for a given line or part number. The HAL drivers include a complete set of ready-to-use APIs which

simplify the user application implementation. As an example, the communication peripherals contain

APIs to initialize and configure the peripheral, manage data transfers in polling mode, handle interrupts

or DMA, and manage communication errors.

The HAL drivers are feature-oriented instead of IP-oriented. As an example, the timer APIs are split into

several categories following the IP functions: basic timer, capture, pulse width modulation (PWM), etc..

The HAL driver layer implements run-time failure detection by checking the input values of all functions.

Such dynamic checking contributes to enhance the firmware robustness. Run-time detection is also

suitable for user application development and debugging.

The LL drivers offer hardware services based on the available features of the STM32 peripherals. These

services reflect exactly the hardware capabilities and provide atomic operations that must be called

following the programming model described in the product line reference manual. As a result, the LL

services are not based on standalone processes and do not require any additional memory resources to

save their states, counter or data pointers: all operations are performed by changing the associated

peripheral registers content. Contrary to the HAL, the LL APIs are not provided for peripherals for which

optimized access is not a key feature, or for those requiring heavy software configuration and/or

complex upper level stack (such as FSMC, USB, SDMMC).

The HAL and LL are complementary and cover a wide range of applications requirements:

The HAL offers high-level and feature-oriented APIs, with a high-portability level. They hide the

MCU and peripheral complexity to end-user.

The LL offers low-level APIs at registers level, with better optimization but less portability. They

require deep knowledge of the MCU and peripherals specifications.

The source code of HAL and LL drivers is developed in Strict ANSI-C which makes it independent from

the development tools. It is checked with CodeSonar™ static analysis tool. It is fully documented and is

MISRA-C 2004 compliant.

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Contents

1 Acronyms and definitions ............................................................. 24

2 Overview of HAL drivers ............................................................... 26

2.1 HAL and user-application files......................................................... 26

2.1.1 HAL driver files ................................................................................. 26

2.1.2 User-application files ........................................................................ 27

2.2 HAL data structures ........................................................................ 29

2.2.1 Peripheral handle structures ............................................................ 29

2.2.2 Initialization and configuration structure ........................................... 30

2.2.3 Specific process structures .............................................................. 31

2.3 API classification ............................................................................. 31

2.4 Devices supported by HAL drivers .................................................. 32

2.5 HAL driver rules .............................................................................. 38

2.5.1 HAL API naming rules ...................................................................... 38

2.5.2 HAL general naming rules ................................................................ 39

2.5.3 HAL interrupt handler and callback functions ................................... 40

2.6 HAL generic APIs ............................................................................ 41

2.7 HAL extension APIs ........................................................................ 42

2.7.1 HAL extension model overview ........................................................ 42

2.7.2 HAL extension model cases ............................................................. 42

2.8 File inclusion model ......................................................................... 45

2.9 HAL common resources .................................................................. 46

2.10 HAL configuration ............................................................................ 46

2.11 HAL system peripheral handling ..................................................... 47

2.11.1 Clock ................................................................................................. 47

2.11.2 GPIOs ............................................................................................... 48

2.11.3 Cortex NVIC and SysTick timer ........................................................ 50

2.11.4 PWR ................................................................................................. 50

2.11.5 EXTI .................................................................................................. 50

2.11.6 DMA .................................................................................................. 52

2.12 How to use HAL drivers .................................................................. 53

2.12.1 HAL usage models ........................................................................... 53

2.12.2 HAL initialization ............................................................................... 54

2.12.3 HAL IO operation process ................................................................ 56

2.12.4 Timeout and error management ....................................................... 59

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3 Overview of Low Layer drivers ..................................................... 63

3.1 Low Layer files ................................................................................ 63

3.2 Overview of Low Layer APIs and naming rules ............................... 65

3.2.1 Peripheral initialization functions ...................................................... 65

3.2.2 Peripheral register-level configuration functions .............................. 69

4 Cohabiting of HAL and LL ............................................................ 71

4.1 Low Layer driver used in standalone mode ..................................... 71

4.2 Mixed use of Low Layer APIs and HAL drivers ............................... 71

5 HAL System Driver ........................................................................ 72

5.1 HAL Firmware driver API description .............................................. 72

5.1.1 How to use this driver ....................................................................... 72

5.1.2 Initialization and de-initialization functions ....................................... 72

5.1.3 HAL Control functions....................................................................... 72

5.1.4 Detailed description of functions ...................................................... 73

5.2 HAL Firmware driver defines ........................................................... 77

5.2.1 HAL ................................................................................................... 77

6 HAL ADC Generic Driver ............................................................... 79

6.1 ADC Firmware driver registers structures ....................................... 79

6.1.1 ADC_InitTypeDef .............................................................................. 79

6.1.2 ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef ............................................................. 80

6.1.3 ADC_AnalogWDGConfTypeDef ....................................................... 80

6.1.4 ADC_HandleTypeDef ....................................................................... 81

6.2 ADC Firmware driver API description .............................................. 81

6.2.1 ADC peripheral features ................................................................... 81

6.2.2 How to use this driver ....................................................................... 82

6.2.3 Initialization and de-initialization functions ....................................... 84

6.2.4 IO operation functions ...................................................................... 85

6.2.5 Peripheral Control functions ............................................................. 85

6.2.6 Peripheral State and Errors functions .............................................. 85

6.2.7 Detailed description of functions ...................................................... 86

6.3 ADC Firmware driver defines .......................................................... 92

6.3.1 ADC .................................................................................................. 92

7 HAL ADC Extension Driver ......................................................... 100

7.1 ADCEx Firmware driver registers structures ................................. 100

7.1.1 ADC_InjectionConfTypeDef ........................................................... 100

7.1.2 ADC_MultiModeTypeDef ................................................................ 101

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7.2 ADCEx Firmware driver API description ....................................... 102

7.2.1 IO operation functions .................................................................... 102

7.2.2 Peripheral Control functions ........................................................... 102

7.2.3 Detailed description of functions .................................................... 103

7.3 ADCEx Firmware driver defines .................................................... 106

7.3.1 ADCEx ............................................................................................ 106

8 HAL CAN Generic Driver ............................................................. 110

8.1 CAN Firmware driver registers structures ..................................... 110

8.1.1 CAN_InitTypeDef ............................................................................ 110

8.1.2 CanTxMsgTypeDef ......................................................................... 111

8.1.3 CanRxMsgTypeDef ........................................................................ 111

8.1.4 CAN_HandleTypeDef ..................................................................... 112

8.2 CAN Firmware driver API description ............................................ 112

8.2.1 How to use this driver ..................................................................... 112

8.2.2 Initialization and de-initialization functions ..................................... 113

8.2.3 IO operation functions .................................................................... 114

8.2.4 Peripheral State and Error functions .............................................. 114

8.2.5 Detailed description of functions .................................................... 114

8.3 CAN Firmware driver defines ........................................................ 118

8.3.1 CAN ................................................................................................ 118

9 HAL CAN Extension Driver ......................................................... 127

9.1 CANEx Firmware driver registers structures ................................. 127

9.1.1 CAN_FilterConfTypeDef ................................................................. 127

10 HAL CEC Generic Driver ............................................................. 128

10.1 CEC Firmware driver registers structures ..................................... 128

10.1.1 CEC_InitTypeDef ............................................................................ 128

10.1.2 CEC_HandleTypeDef ..................................................................... 128

10.2 CEC Firmware driver API description ............................................ 129

10.2.1 How to use this driver ..................................................................... 129

10.2.2 Initialization and Configuration functions ........................................ 129

10.2.3 IO operation functions .................................................................... 130

10.2.4 Peripheral Control function ............................................................. 130

10.2.5 Detailed description of functions .................................................... 131

10.3 CEC Firmware driver defines ........................................................ 133

10.3.1 CEC ................................................................................................ 133

11 HAL CORTEX Generic Driver ...................................................... 139

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11.1 CORTEX Firmware driver registers structures .............................. 139

11.1.1 MPU_Region_InitTypeDef .............................................................. 139

11.2 CORTEX Firmware driver API description .................................... 140

11.2.1 How to use this driver ..................................................................... 140

11.2.2 Initialization and de-initialization functions ..................................... 140

11.2.3 Peripheral Control functions ........................................................... 141

11.2.4 Detailed description of functions .................................................... 141

11.3 CORTEX Firmware driver defines ................................................. 146

11.3.1 CORTEX ......................................................................................... 146

12 HAL CRC Generic Driver ............................................................. 149

12.1 CRC Firmware driver registers structures ..................................... 149

12.1.1 CRC_HandleTypeDef ..................................................................... 149

12.2 CRC Firmware driver API description ........................................... 149

12.2.1 How to use this driver ..................................................................... 149

12.2.2 Initialization and de-initialization functions ..................................... 149

12.2.3 Peripheral Control functions ........................................................... 149

12.2.4 Peripheral State functions .............................................................. 150

12.2.5 Detailed description of functions .................................................... 150

12.3 CRC Firmware driver defines ........................................................ 151

12.3.1 CRC ................................................................................................ 151

13 HAL DAC Generic Driver ............................................................. 153

13.1 DAC Firmware driver registers structures ..................................... 153

13.1.1 DAC_HandleTypeDef ..................................................................... 153

13.1.2 DAC_ChannelConfTypeDef ........................................................... 153

13.2 DAC Firmware driver API description ............................................ 153

13.2.1 DAC Peripheral features................................................................. 153

13.2.2 How to use this driver ..................................................................... 155

13.2.3 Initialization and de-initialization functions ..................................... 156

13.2.4 IO operation functions .................................................................... 156

13.2.5 Peripheral Control functions ........................................................... 157

13.2.6 Peripheral State and Errors functions ............................................ 157

13.2.7 Detailed description of functions .................................................... 157

13.3 DAC Firmware driver defines ........................................................ 162

13.3.1 DAC ................................................................................................ 162

14 HAL DAC Extension Driver ......................................................... 164

14.1 DACEx Firmware driver API description ....................................... 164

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