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Cortex-M3 技术参考手册
目录
目录
前言...................................................................................................................................................1
关于本手册...............................................................................................................................1
第 1 章 概述.....................................................................................................................................3
1.1 关于处理器........................................................................................................................3
1.2 处理器的组件....................................................................................................................4
1.2.1 Cortex-M3 的层次和实现的选项 ...........................................................................5
1.2.2 处理器内核 .............................................................................................................6
1.2.3 NVIC........................................................................................................................7
1.2.4 总线矩阵.................................................................................................................7
1.2.5 FPB...........................................................................................................................8
1.2.6 DWT.........................................................................................................................8
1.2.7 ITM...........................................................................................................................8
1.2.8 MPU .........................................................................................................................8
1.2.9 ETM .........................................................................................................................8
1.2.10 TPIU.......................................................................................................................8
1.2.11 SW/JTAG-DP.........................................................................................................9
1.3 可配置的选项....................................................................................................................9
1.3.1 中断.........................................................................................................................9
1.3.2 MPU .........................................................................................................................9
1.3.3 ETM .........................................................................................................................9
1.4 指令集汇总........................................................................................................................9
第 2 章 编程模型（programmer's model） ...............................................................................17
2.1 关于编程模型..................................................................................................................17
2.1.1 工作模式...............................................................................................................17
2.1.2 工作状态...............................................................................................................17
2.2 特权访问和用户访问......................................................................................................17
2.2.1 主堆栈和进程堆栈 ...............................................................................................18
2.3 寄存器..............................................................................................................................18
2.3.1 通用寄存器 ...........................................................................................................18
2.3.2 特殊用途的程序状态寄存器（xPSR） ..............................................................19
2.4 数据类型..........................................................................................................................22
2.5 存储器格式
......................................................................................................................22
2.6 指令集..............................................................................................................................24
第 3 章 系统控制...........................................................................................................................26
3.1 处理器寄存器汇总..........................................................................................................26
3.1.1 嵌套向量中断控制器的寄存器 ...........................................................................26
3.1.2 内核调试寄存器 ...................................................................................................28
3.1.3 系统调试寄存器 ...................................................................................................28
3.1.4 调试接口的端口寄存器 .......................................................................................31
3.1.5 存储器保护单元的寄存器 ...................................................................................32
3.1.6 跟踪端口接口单元的寄存器 ...............................................................................32
3.1.7 嵌入式跟踪宏单元的寄存器 ...............................................................................33
目录
第 4 章 存储器映射.......................................................................................................................35
4.1 关于存储器映射..............................................................................................................35
4.2 Bit-banding........................................................................................................................37
4.2.1 直接访问别名区 ...................................................................................................38
4.2.2 直接访问 bit-band 区............................................................................................38
4.3 ROM 存储器表.................................................................................................................39
第 5 章 异常...................................................................................................................................40
5.1 关于异常模型..................................................................................................................40
5.2 异常类型..........................................................................................................................41
5.3 异常优先级......................................................................................................................42
5.3.1 优先级...................................................................................................................43
5.3.2 优先级分组 ...........................................................................................................43
5.4 特权和堆栈......................................................................................................................44
5.4.1 堆栈.......................................................................................................................44
5.4.2 特权.......................................................................................................................44
5.5 占先..................................................................................................................................45
5.5.1 堆栈.......................................................................................................................45
5.6 末尾连锁（Tail-chaining）.............................................................................................47
5.7 迟来..................................................................................................................................48
5.8 退出..................................................................................................................................49
5.8.1 异常退出...............................................................................................................49
5.8.2 处理器从 ISR 中返回...........................................................................................50
5.9 复位..................................................................................................................................51
5.9.1 向量表和复位 .......................................................................................................51
5.9.2 预期的启动顺序（boot up sequence） ...............................................................52
5.10 异常的控制权转移........................................................................................................54
5.11 设置多个堆栈 ................................................................................................................54
5.12 中止(abort)模型 .............................................................................................................56
5.12.1 硬故障.................................................................................................................56
5.12.2 局部故障和升级.................................................................................................56
5.12.3 故障状态寄存器和故障地址寄存器 .................................................................58
5.13 激活等级(activation level).............................................................................................59
5.14 流程图............................................................................................................................60
5.14.1 中断处理.............................................................................................................60
5.14.2 占先.....................................................................................................................61
5.14.3 返回.....................................................................................................................62
第 6 章 时钟和复位.......................................................................................................................64
6.1 Cortex-M3 时钟 ................................................................................................................64
6.2 Cortex-M3 复位 ................................................................................................................65
6.3 Cortex-M3 复位方式 ........................................................................................................65
6.3.1 上电复位...............................................................................................................65
6.3.2 系统复位...............................................................................................................66
6.3.3 JTAG-DP 复位 .......................................................................................................67
6.3.4 SW-DP 复位...........................................................................................................67
目录
6.3.5 正常工作...............................................................................................................67
第 7 章 电源管理...........................................................................................................................68
7.1 电源管理概述..................................................................................................................68
7.2 系统电源管理..................................................................................................................68
7.2.1 SLEEPING.............................................................................................................69
7.2.2 SLEEPDEEP..........................................................................................................69
第 8 章 嵌套向量中断控制器.......................................................................................................70
8.1 NVIC 概述 ........................................................................................................................70
8.2 NVIC 编程器模型 ............................................................................................................70
8.2.1 NVIC 寄存器映射 .................................................................................................70
8.2.2 NVIC 寄存器描述 .................................................................................................73
8.3 电平中断与脉冲中断......................................................................................................97
第 9 章 存储器保护单元...............................................................................................................98
9.1 MPU 概述 .........................................................................................................................98
9.2 MPU 编程器模型 .............................................................................................................98
9.2.1 MPU 寄存器纵览 ..................................................................................................98
9.2.2 描述 MPU 寄存器 ................................................................................................99
9.2.3 使用重叠寄存器访问 MPU ...............................................................................105
9.2.4 子区域.................................................................................................................105
9.3 MPU 访问权限 ...............................................................................................................106
9.4 MPU 异常中止 ...............................................................................................................107
9.5 更新 MPU 区域 .............................................................................................................107
9.5.1 使用 CP15 等效代码更新 MPU 区域................................................................107
9.5.2 使用两个或三个字来更新 MPU 区域...............................................................108
9.6 中断和更新 MPU ..........................................................................................................109
第 10 章 内核调试.......................................................................................................................110
10.1 关于内核调试
..............................................................................................................110
10.1.1 停止模式调试...................................................................................................110
10.1.2 退出内核调试...................................................................................................110
10.2 内核调试寄存器..........................................................................................................111
10.2.1 调试停止控制和状态寄存器 ...........................................................................111
10.2.2 调试内核选择寄存器.......................................................................................113
10.2.3 调试内核寄存器的数据寄存器 .......................................................................114
10.2.4 调试异常和监控控制寄存器 ...........................................................................115
10.3 内核调试访问实例......................................................................................................117
10.4 在内核调试中使用应用寄存器 ..................................................................................117
第 11 章 系统调试.......................................................................................................................118
11.1 关于系统调试 ..............................................................................................................118
11.2 系统调试访问 ..............................................................................................................119
11.3 系统调试的编程模型 ..................................................................................................120
11.4 Flash 修补和断点 .........................................................................................................121
11.4.1 FPB 的编程模型 ................................................................................................121
11.5 数据观察点和跟踪 ......................................................................................................125
11.5.1 DWT 寄存器总结及描述 ..................................................................................125
目录
11.6 仪表跟踪宏单元 ..........................................................................................................135
11.6.1 ITM 寄存器总结和描述....................................................................................135
11.7 AHB 访问端口..............................................................................................................141
11.7.1 AHB-AP 处理类型.............................................................................................141
11.7.2 AHB-AP 寄存器总结和描述.............................................................................141
第 12 章 调试端口.......................................................................................................................145
12.1 关于调试端口..............................................................................................................145
12.2 JTAG-DP.......................................................................................................................146
12.2.1 扫描链接口.......................................................................................................146
12.2.2 IR 扫描链和 IR 指令 .........................................................................................148
12.2.3 DR 扫描链和 DR 寄存器 ..................................................................................151
12.3 SW-DP...........................................................................................................................157
12.3.1 时钟...................................................................................................................157
12.3.2 调试接口概述...................................................................................................158
12.3.3 协议操作概述...................................................................................................159
12.3.4 协议描述...........................................................................................................162
12.3.5 传输时序...........................................................................................................169
12.4 调试端口（DP）的通用特性.....................................................................................170
12.4.1 Sticky 标志和 DP 错误响应..............................................................................170
12.4.2 读和写错误.......................................................................................................171
12.4.3 溢出检测...........................................................................................................171
12.4.4 协议错误，只用于 SW-DP..............................................................................172
12.4.5 推动比较和推动验证操作 ...............................................................................172
12.5 调试端口的编程模型..................................................................................................174
12.5.1 JTAG-DP 寄存器 ...............................................................................................174
12.5.2 SW-DP 寄存器...................................................................................................175
12.5.3 调试端口（DP）的寄存器描述......................................................................176
第 13 章 跟踪端口的接口单元...................................................................................................186
13.1
关于跟踪端口的接口单元 ..........................................................................................186
13.1.1 TPIU 方框图 ......................................................................................................186
13.1.2 TPIU 组件 ..........................................................................................................187
13.1.3 TPIU 输入和输出 ..............................................................................................188
13.2 TPIU 寄存器 .................................................................................................................189
13.2.1 TPIU 寄存器汇总 ..............................................................................................189
13.2.2 TPIU 寄存器描述 ..............................................................................................189
第 14 章 总线接口.......................................................................................................................194
14.1 关于总线接口..............................................................................................................194
14.2 ICode 总线接口 ............................................................................................................194
14.2.1 分支状态信号...................................................................................................195
14.3 DCode 总线接口...........................................................................................................195
14.3.1 专用...................................................................................................................195
14.3.2 存储器属性.......................................................................................................196
14.4 系统接口......................................................................................................................196
14.4.1 不对齐访问.......................................................................................................196
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