2 were first mentioned in the early specifications of JSP. Model 1 strictly uses JSP
pages, with no servlets, and Model 2 uses the combination of both servlets and JSP
pages. The terms of Model 1 and Model 2 have been used ever since. Model 1 is
suitable for prototypes and very small applications, and Model 2 is the
recommended design model for medium sized and large applications.
As Model 2 gained more acceptances in the industry, an open source initiative
to build the Struts Framework was initiated. Struts perfects Model 2 by providing
the controller part of the Model-View-Controller of Model 2. In addition, Struts
provides better page navigation management and several custom tag libraries for
more rapid development. Despite its steep learning curve and the fact that it was
never defined in any specification, Struts has been gaining popularity as the
alternative to Model 2.
JavaServer Faces is built under the Java Community Process under JSR-
127.Sun Microsystems proposed this technology in the hope that JSF will be the
ultimate model for building Java Web applications. The most important feature of
JSF is the availability of ready-to-use components such as extensible UI
components, easy page navigation, input validators, data converters and JavaBeans
management.
The problem facing servlet/JSP programmers are to choose the most
appropriate design model. Clearly, JSF provides a better solution in regard to
development time. However, some people are not sanguine to adopt this
technology for fear of performance penalty due to the overhead of the JSF
implementation.
We build three versions of an online store application named BuyDirect using
Model 2, Struts and JSF. The parameters compared are the number of lines of code,
the number of classes, and the performance measurement results. We investigate
which of the design models allows the most rapid development process. We
evaluate the performances of the applications built upon these models. We provide
some suggestions to perfect the existing design models to make development more
rapid.
The rest of the paper is organised as follows. Section 2 discusses the issues in
Web development. Section 3 explains how the three design models address these
development issues. Section 4 provides the details of the hardware and software
used in these experiments. Section 5 presents the experiment results and analysis.
Section 6 reviews the related work. Section 7 concludes by offering some
suggestions to improve the existing design models.
2 Java Web Development Issues
All Java Web development uses the Servlet technology as the underlying
technology. As such, all Java Web applications have certain issues that need to be
addressed:
User Interface. The user interface is what the client browser renders as HTML
tags. Any server-side component used in the application must be encoded into
the corresponding HTML elements. Besides for displaying the content and
data, the user interface is also responsible in receiving input from the user.
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