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SEPTEMBER 2022 VOLUME 57
NUMBER 9
IJSCBC
(ISSN 0018-9200)
REGULAR PAPERS
Time-Interleaved Switched Emitter Followers to Extend Front-End Sampling Rates to up to 200 GS/s ................
...................................................................... P. Thomas, J. Finkbeiner, M. Grözing, and M. Berroth
2599
A Passive Wideband Noise-Canceling Mixer-First Architecture With Shared Antenna Interface for Interferer-Tolerant
Wake-Up Receivers and Low-Noise Primary Receivers ......................................................................
.......... H. Bialek, A. Binaie, S. Ahasan, K. R. Sadagopan, M. L. Johnston, H. Krishnaswamy, and A. Natarajan
2611
A Fully Integrated 490-GHz CMOS Receiver Adopting Dual-Locking Receiver-Based FLL .............................
............................................................. K.-S. Choi, K.-M. Kim, D. R. Utomo, I.-Y. Lee, and S.-G. Lee
2626
A 0.4–6 GHz Receiver for Cellular and WiFi Applications ..................................... H. Razavi and B. Razavi 2640
A 164-μW 915-MHz Sub-Sampling Phase-Tracking Zero-IF Receiver With 5-Mb/s Data Rate for Short-Range
Applications ........................................................................................................................
... Y. Guo, Z. Fang, K. Tang, Z. Weng, C. Yang, N. Wang, E. J. Ng, Z. Wang, C.-H. Heng, H. Jiang, and Y. Zheng
2658
A Current Re-Use Quadrature RF Receiver Front-End for Low Power Applications: Blixator Circuit ..................
........................................................................ M. Barzgari, A. Ghafari, M. Meghdadi, and A. Medi
2672
W-band Scalable 2 × 2 Phased-Array Transmitter and Receiver Chipsets in SiGe BiCMOS for High Data-Rate
Communication ............................... H. Li, J. Chen, D. Hou, Z. Li, R. Zhou, Z. Chen, P. Yan, and W. Hong
2685
A 24–29.5-GHz Highly Linear Phased-Array Transceiver Front-End in 65-nm CMOS Supporting 800-MHz 64-QAM
and 400-MHz 256-QAM for 5G New Radio ......... Y. Yi, D. Zhao, J. Zhang, P. Gu, Y. Chai, H. Liu, and X. You
2702
A Reconfigurable DC-DC Converter for Maximum Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting in a Battery-Powered
Duty-Cycling Wireless Sensor Node .................................... Y.-S. Noh, J.-I. Seo, H.-S. Kim, and S.-G. Lee
2719
A 94.3% Peak Efficiency Adaptive Switchable CCM and DCM Single-Inductor Multiple-Output Converter With 0.03
mV/mA Low Crosstalk and 185 nA Ultralow Quiescent ....................................................................
...... T.-H. Yang, Y.-H. Wen, Y.-J. Ouyang, C.-K. Chiu, B.-K. Wu, K.-H. Chen, Y.-H. Lin, S.-R. Lin, and T.-Y. Tsai
2731
A Duty-Cycled Integrated-Fluxgate Magnetometer for Current Sensing ......................................................
.......................... P. Garcha, V. Schaffer, B. Haroun, S. Ramaswamy, J. Wieser, J. Lang, and A. Chandraksan
2741
A 16-Channel Neural Recording System-on-Chip With CHT Feature Extraction Processor in 65-nm
CMOS ......................................................................................................... A. Uran, K. Ture,
C. Aprile, A. Trouillet, F. Fallegger, E. C. M. Revol, A. Emami, S. P. Lacour, C. Dehollain, Y. Leblebici, and V. Cevher
2752
(Contents Continued on Back Cover)
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Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JSSC.2022.3195583
SEPTEMBER 2022 VOLUME 57
NUMBER 9
IJSCBC
(ISSN 0018-9200)
REGULAR PAPERS
Time-Interleaved Switched Emitter Followers to Extend Front-End Sampling Rates to up to 200 GS/s ................
...................................................................... P. Thomas, J. Finkbeiner, M. Grözing, and M. Berroth
2599
A Passive Wideband Noise-Canceling Mixer-First Architecture With Shared Antenna Interface for Interferer-Tolerant
Wake-Up Receivers and Low-Noise Primary Receivers ......................................................................
.......... H. Bialek, A. Binaie, S. Ahasan, K. R. Sadagopan, M. L. Johnston, H. Krishnaswamy, and A. Natarajan
2611
A Fully Integrated 490-GHz CMOS Receiver Adopting Dual-Locking Receiver-Based FLL .............................
............................................................. K.-S. Choi, K.-M. Kim, D. R. Utomo, I.-Y. Lee, and S.-G. Lee
2626
A 0.4–6 GHz Receiver for Cellular and WiFi Applications ..................................... H. Razavi and B. Razavi 2640
A 164-μW 915-MHz Sub-Sampling Phase-Tracking Zero-IF Receiver With 5-Mb/s Data Rate for Short-Range
Applications ........................................................................................................................
... Y. Guo, Z. Fang, K. Tang, Z. Weng, C. Yang, N. Wang, E. J. Ng, Z. Wang, C.-H. Heng, H. Jiang, and Y. Zheng
2658
A Current Re-Use Quadrature RF Receiver Front-End for Low Power Applications: Blixator Circuit ..................
........................................................................ M. Barzgari, A. Ghafari, M. Meghdadi, and A. Medi
2672
W-band Scalable 2 × 2 Phased-Array Transmitter and Receiver Chipsets in SiGe BiCMOS for High Data-Rate
Communication ............................... H. Li, J. Chen, D. Hou, Z. Li, R. Zhou, Z. Chen, P. Yan, and W. Hong
2685
A 24–29.5-GHz Highly Linear Phased-Array Transceiver Front-End in 65-nm CMOS Supporting 800-MHz 64-QAM
and 400-MHz 256-QAM for 5G New Radio ......... Y. Yi, D. Zhao, J. Zhang, P. Gu, Y. Chai, H. Liu, and X. You
2702
A Reconfigurable DC-DC Converter for Maximum Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting in a Battery-Powered
Duty-Cycling Wireless Sensor Node .................................... Y.-S. Noh, J.-I. Seo, H.-S. Kim, and S.-G. Lee
2719
A 94.3% Peak Efficiency Adaptive Switchable CCM and DCM Single-Inductor Multiple-Output Converter With 0.03
mV/mA Low Crosstalk and 185 nA Ultralow Quiescent ....................................................................
...... T.-H. Yang, Y.-H. Wen, Y.-J. Ouyang, C.-K. Chiu, B.-K. Wu, K.-H. Chen, Y.-H. Lin, S.-R. Lin, and T.-Y. Tsai
2731
A Duty-Cycled Integrated-Fluxgate Magnetometer for Current Sensing ......................................................
.......................... P. Garcha, V. Schaffer, B. Haroun, S. Ramaswamy, J. Wieser, J. Lang, and A. Chandraksan
2741
A 16-Channel Neural Recording System-on-Chip With CHT Feature Extraction Processor in 65-nm
CMOS ......................................................................................................... A. Uran, K. Ture,
C. Aprile, A. Trouillet, F. Fallegger, E. C. M. Revol, A. Emami, S. P. Lacour, C. Dehollain, Y. Leblebici, and V. Cevher
2752
A 96.9-dB-Resolution 109-μW Second-Order Robust Closed-Loop VCO-Based Sensor Interface for Multiplexed
Single-Ended Resistance Readout in 180-nm CMOS ......................... E. Sacco, J. Vergauwen, and G. Gielen
2764
An 88.9-dB SNR Fully-Dynamic Noise-Shaping SAR Capacitance-to-Digital Converter ..................................
...................................................................... C. Lim, Y. Choi, J. Song, S. Ahn, S. Jang, and C. Kim
2778
A 7-Bit Two-Step Flash ADC With Sample-and-Hold Sharing Technique ........ D.-R. Oh, M.-J. Seo, and S.-T. Ryu 2791
A 12-GHz Reconfigurable Multicore CMOS DCO, With a Time-Variant Analysis of the Impact of Reconfiguration
Switches on Phase Noise ........................... L. Tomasin, P. Andreani, G. Boi, F. Padovan, and A. Bevilacqua
2802
Analysis and Design of Tuning-Less mm-Wave Injection-Locked Frequency Dividers With Wide Locking Range Using
8th-Order Transformer-Based Resonator in 40 nm CMOS ........................................ Q. Jiang and Q. Pan
2812
An Ultra-Low Jitter, Low-Power, 102-GHz PLL Using a Power-Gating Injection-Locked Frequency Multiplier-Based
Phase Detector .............................................................. S. Park, S. Choi, S. Yoo, Y. Cho, and J. Choi
2829
A Low-Jitter and Low-Fractional-Spur Ring-DCO-Based Fractional-N Digital PLL Using a DTC’s
Second-/Third-Order Nonlinearity Cancellation and a Probability-Density-Shaping M .............................
........................................................................... C. Hwang, H. Park, Y. Lee, T. Seong, and J. Choi
2841
A 56-Gb/s 8-mW PAM4 CDR/DMUX With High Jitter Tolerance ................................ G. Hou and B. Razavi 2856
A 40-nm MLC-RRAM Compute-in-Memory Macro With Sparsity Control, On-Chip Write-Verify, and
Temperature-Independent ADC References ............................. W. Li, X. Sun, S. Huang, H. Jiang, and S. Yu
2868
Radiation Tolerant Multi-Bit Flip-Flop System With Embedded Timing Pre-Error Sensing ...............................
.......................................... A. Jain, A. M. Veggetti, D. Crippa, A. Benfante, S. Gerardin, and M. Bagatin
2878
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS, VOL. 57, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2022 2599
Time-Interleaved Switched Emitter Followers to
Extend Front-End Sampling Rates to up to 200 GS/s
Philipp Thomas , Member, IEEE, Jakob Finkbeiner , Graduate Student Member, IEEE,
Markus Grözing , Member, IEEE, and Manfred Berroth , Senior Member, IEEE
Abstract—Optical transceivers with more than 50 GBd are
now being deployed, while the use of more than 100 GBd
is currently under investigation. CMOS components, such as
the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in the receiver path,
can be highly parallelized for higher sampling rates but are
difficult to scale toward higher analog bandwidths. Thus, the
hybrid integration of front-end circuits with the function of a
bandwidth gearbox in other semiconductor technologies is an
interesting research topic. In this article, we show an example
of a time-interleaved analog demultiplexer (ADeMUX) with
four track-and-hold (T/H) circuits based on switched emitter
followers (SEFs) in a 90-nm silicon-germanium (SiGe)-Bipolar
CMOS (BiCMOS) technology for parallel operation of four
CMOS ADCs. The 50% duty cycle of the clock signal facilitates
its generation and can save power consumption in the clock
path or enable higher sampling rates compared with the 25%
duty-cycle clock of other ADeMUX architectures. We show that
using switched preamplifiers in front of the SEFs can double the
bandwidth of each T/H lane. Experimental verification shows up
to 57-GHz input bandwidth while requiring only 16-GHz input
bandwidth for each of the ADCs that can be connected to the four
32-GS/s output channels. The circuit achieves 3–6-bit accuracy
and is suitable for 100-GBd signaling and beyond with pulse
amplitude modulation. To demonstrate the capability of higher
sampling rates, measurement results at 4 × 50 GS/s = 200 GS/s
are provided as well although significant advancement of the
measurement environment is needed for a complete evaluation.
Index Terms—Analog-to-digital conversion, bipolar
CMOS (BiCMOS) integrated circuits, demultiplexing, sampled
data circuits, silicon germanium.
I. INTRODUCTION
T
IME interleaving has become a vital part of ultra-high-
speed transceivers in wireline and optical communication
Manuscript received 7 March 2022; revised 11 June 2022; accepted
12 July 2022. Date of current version 26 August 2022. This article was
approved by Guest Editor Yuriy Greshishchev. This work was supported in
part by the European Union within the ECSEL-JU H2020 project Towards
Advanced BiCMOS Nanotechnology Platforms for RF and THz Applications
(TARANTO) under Grant 737454, in part by the German Federal Ministry
of Education and Research under Grant 16ESE0210, and in part by the
German Research Foundation within the Priority Program SPP 2111 under
Grant BE2256/34-1. (Corresponding author: Philipp Thomas.)
Philipp Thomas was with the Institute of Electrical and Optical Communi-
cations Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany. He is
now with the Nokia Bell Labs, New Providence, NJ 07974 USA (e-mail:
philipp.thomas@nokia-bell-labs.com).
Jakob Finkbeiner, Markus Grözing, and Manfred Berroth are with the
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering, University
of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
Color versions of one or more figures in this article are available at
https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2022.3192546.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/JSSC.2022.3192546
Fig. 1. Application of a SiGe voltage-mode ADeMUX using a 50% duty-
cycle clock with an external CMOS ADC-DSP. SPA: switched preamplifier.
SEF: switched emitter follower.
links. CMOS technology is well known for its high integration
density, which facilitates parallel signal processing to allow
ultra-high symbol rates of 50 GBd and beyond that are
required in state-of-the-art applications.
However, the front-end building blocks, such as analog mul-
tiplexers (AMUX) in the transmitter and analog demultiplexers
(ADeMUX) in the receiver often, are the bottleneck for higher
bandwidths. Thus, the design of such analog front ends in
silicon-germanium (SiGe)-Bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS) and InP
technologies has gained traction in recent years to enable
wireline and optical transceivers with 100 GBd and beyond.
The required ultra-broadband sampling circuits for the ADe-
MUX fall into the categories of either charge-sampling cur-
rent integrators or switched emitter followers (SEFs). Recent
advances with charge-sampling track-and-hold (T/H) and
ADeMUX circuits have shown their potential to receive data at
100–128 GBd [1]–[4]. Their architecture is largely insensitive
to clock jitter, but very short clock pulses of only a few
picoseconds are required since the acquisition time dictates
their bandwidth. SEF-based T/H circuits have an inherently
short acquisition time and can extend the bandwidth of a sam-
pling front end even further to up to 110 GHz [5]–[14]. Sam-
pling operation is documented at up to 108 GS/s for single-
core T/H circuits and up to 200 GS/s for time-interleaved
architectures in SiGe-BiCMOS technologies [6], [7]. Analog-
to-digital converters (ADCs) with integrated T/H functionality
0018-9200 © 2022 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.
See https://www.ieee.org/publications/rights/index.html for more information.
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