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基于asp个人博客的设计和实现本科毕设论文.doc
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xx 大学硕士学位论文
i
硕士学位论文
基于 ARM 的嵌入式系统设计
第一章 摘要
嵌入式系统以其小型、专用、易携带、可靠性高的特点,已经在各个领域得到
了广泛的应用,如军事国防、消费电子、通信设备、工业控制等。嵌入式处理器
内嵌实时操作系统(RTOS),具有实时性、低成本、小型化、专用化和高可靠性,
克服了传统的基于单片机控制系统功能不足和基于 PC 的系统非实时性的缺点。
随着嵌入式系统软硬件技术的飞速发展,其应用领域必将更为广阔,嵌入式系统
的研究将会有非常广泛的前景。
本课题的目的就是研究适用于学校教学的嵌入式系统平台,这对于提高对嵌
入式系统的理解具有重要意义。本课题以嵌入式系统设计原理和实际应用为核心,
从理论上和技术方法上开展了一系列研究。主要工作有:
1、全面系统地概述了嵌入式系统的发展过程和分类,及其在各个领域内的应用,
以及嵌入式系统的发展方向;
2、基于嵌入式系统设计原理的嵌入式开发平台的设计的总体方案,从硬件和软
件两个方面讲述了嵌入式系统的设计思想和方法,及其可行性的论证;
3、嵌入式系统硬件平台的设计与调试,着重叙述了硬件平台的整体设计方案,
包括各个设计模块的选型与接口电路的设计;
4、嵌入式系统所采用的操作系统的移植与调试,详细讲叙了 µC/OS-II 实时操作
系统在基于 LPC2136 的嵌入式控制器硬件平台上的移植过程及注意事项;
5、对 µC/OS-II 内核实时性能进行了深入的分析,通过实际测试得出了在特定条
件下 µC/OS-II 的实时响应参数。
6、在后继的工作中,我们还要在实时嵌入式操作系统的基础上完成对操作系统
的扩展以及对各个模块的驱动。
总之,本文完成了嵌入式系统的硬件平台构架、实时嵌入式操作系统的移植,
为今后嵌入式系统的后继开发提供了一个嵌入式平台。
关键词:嵌入式系统 ARM RTOS µC/OS-II
xx 大学硕士学位论文
II
第二章 Abstract
With the development of IT network technology, embedded system shows a new
direction of technology development. Embedded system has been applied in military,
electronics, communication, industrial control and so on, with respect to its small
size, high performance, low cost, high reliability and oriented object program.
Embedded controller with RTOS gets over the traditional microcontroller and
the disadvantage of the un-real time specialty base on pc, instead it is real-time, low
cost ,miniaturized ,customized ,and high dependability. It also has a broad foreground ,
along with the fast development of hardware of embedded system .
This intention of this topic is designing the embedded system, which is important
for enhancing the understanding of embedded system. The research is highlighted in
both design theory and applications of embedded system, which extended its
developments. This paper is organized into six parts:
1. This article essentially introduced the development of embedded system, its
classification, applications in numerous areas, and its development orientation.
2. The second chapter covers the general design of the embedded system, based on the
elements of embedded system design. then it shows the devise ideology and methods
in either hardware or software, and the demonstration of its accessibility.
3. The third chapter gives out the hardware of the embedded system, including design,
test and implementation of each module, as well as their interface circuitry.
4. The forth chapter introduces the process and attentions of RTOS µC/OS-II, when
explanted to the LPC2136 embedded controller hardware platform.
5. It covers a in-dept analyzing in the real-time performance in μC/OS-II core, as well
as the real time respond parameter in the very condition.
6. In the future, we will expand the operation system based on RTOS, and derivations
of each module.
In a word, the article provides keen insight into the platform architecture of
hardware and explants of the RTOS, in addition to affording an embedded platform
for the subsequence developments.
Key word: embedded system ARM RTOS µC/OS-II
xx 大学硕士学位论文
III
目 录
第一章 绪论..................................................................................................................1
xx 大学硕士学位论文
IV
1.1 嵌入式系统简介 ................................................................................................1
1.1.1 嵌入式系统的定义和特点
........................................................................1
1.1.2 嵌入式系统的发展和趋势
........................................................................2
1.2 嵌入式处理器概述 ............................................................................................3
1.2.1 嵌入式处理器的分类
................................................................................3
1.2.2 ARM 处理器简介
.........................................................................................5
1.3 本文主要研究的问题背景和内容 ....................................................................7
1.3.1 本文主要研究的问题背景
........................................................................7
1.3.2 本文主要内容描述和安排
........................................................................8
第二章 嵌入式系统总体设计......................................................................................9
2.1 嵌入式系统设计方法讨论 ................................................................................9
2.2 开发平台的功能需求分析 ..............................................................................10
2.3 开发平台软硬件的选择 ..................................................................................12
2.3.1 系统硬件平台的选择
..............................................................................13
2.3.1.1 嵌入式 ARM 处理器的选型......................................................................13
2.3.1.2 LPC2136 芯片简介...................................................................................15
2.3.1.3 片外外围设备的选择..............................................................................16
2.3.2 系统软件的选择
......................................................................................17
2.3.2.1 实时操作系统的选型原则......................................................................18
2.3.2.2 几种开源的嵌入式操作系统的比较......................................................20
2.3.2.3 µC/OS-II 的特点.....................................................................................24
2.4 开发平台方案总体规划 ..................................................................................25
2.4.1 硬件规划
..................................................................................................25
2.4.2 软件规划
..................................................................................................27
第三章 嵌入式系统硬件详细设计............................................................................29
3.1 LPC2136 芯片结构...........................................................................................29
3.1.1 LPC2136 功能模块
...................................................................................29
3.1.2 LPC2136 管脚配置
...................................................................................30
3.2 硬件原理 ..........................................................................................................30
3.2.1 电源电路
..................................................................................................30
3.2.2 复位电路
..................................................................................................31
3.2.3 系统时钟电路
..........................................................................................32
3.2.4 JTAG 接口电路
.........................................................................................33
3.2.5 串口及 MODEM 接口电路
..........................................................................33
3.2.6 按键电路
..................................................................................................34
3.2.7 LED 显示电路
...........................................................................................35
3.2.8 蜂鸣器控制电路
......................................................................................37
3.2.9 I
2
C 电路
....................................................................................................38
3.2.10 直流电压测量电路
................................................................................38
3.2.11 DAC 电路
.................................................................................................39
3.2.12 RTC 电路
.................................................................................................40
3.2.13 USB 电路
.................................................................................................40
第四章 软件系统的基础构建与设计........................................................................42
xx 大学硕士学位论文
V
4.1 启动代码综述 ..................................................................................................42
4.1.1 一般 ARM 芯片启动过程
..........................................................................42
4.1.2 LPC2136 启动文件组成
...........................................................................44
4.1.3 LPC2136 启动代码工作流程
...................................................................47
4.2 移植 µC/OS-II 到 LPC2136..............................................................................48
4.2.1 移植规划
..................................................................................................48
4.2.2 编写移植代码
..........................................................................................51
4.2.3 移植 µC/OS-II 体会
................................................................................63
4.3 µC/OS-II 实时性能测试分析..........................................................................64
4.3.1 测试方案设计
..........................................................................................64
4.3.2 内核函数时间参数测试
..........................................................................65
4.3.3 中断时间参数测试
..................................................................................69
4.3.4 测试结果与性能分析
..............................................................................71
第五章 结论与展望....................................................................................................73
参考文献......................................................................................................................75
致 谢......................................................................................................................78
个人简历......................................................................................................................79
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