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WINNER II D1.1.2 V1.2
Page 1 (82)
IST-4-027756 WINNER II
D1.1.2 V1.2
WINNER II Channel Models
Part I Channel Models
Contractual Date of Delivery to the CEC: 30/09/2007
Actual Date of Delivery to the CEC: 30/09/2007 (updated 04/02/2008)
Author(s): Pekka Kyösti, Juha Meinilä, Lassi Hentilä, Xiongwen Zhao, Tommi
Jämsä, Christian Schneider, Milan Narandzić, Marko Milojević, Aihua
Hong, Juha Ylitalo, Veli-Matti Holappa, Mikko Alatossava, Robert
Bultitude, Yvo de Jong, Terhi Rautiainen
Participant(s): EBITG, TUI, UOULU, CU/CRC, NOKIA
Workpackage: WP1 Channel Model
Estimated person months: 62
Security: PU
Nature: R
Version: 1.1
Total number of pages: 82
Abstract:
This deliverable describes WINNER II channel models for link and system level simulations. Both
generic and clustered delay line models are defined for selected propagation scenarios.
Keyword list: Channel modelling, radio channel, propagation scenario, channel sounder, cluster,
polarisation, measurements, delay spread, angle spread, MIMO, fading
Disclaimer: The channel models described in this deliverable are based on a literature survey and
measurements performed during this project. The authors are not responsible for any loss, damage or
expenses caused by potential errors or inaccuracies in the models or in the deliverable.
WINNER II D1.1.2 V1.2
Page 2 (82)
Executive Summary
This deliverable presents WINNER II channel models for link level and system level simulations of local
area, metropolitan area, and wide area wireless communication systems. The models have been evolved
from the WINNER I channel models described in WINNER I deliverable D5.4 and WINNER II interim
channel models described in deliverable D1.1.1. The covered propagation scenarios are indoor office,
large indoor hall, indoor-to-outdoor, urban micro-cell, bad urban micro-cell, outdoor-to-indoor, stationary
feeder, suburban macro-cell, urban macro-cell, rural macro-cell, and rural moving networks.
The generic WINNER II channel model follows a geometry-based stochastic channel modelling
approach, which allows creating of an arbitrary double directional radio channel model. The channel
models are antenna independent, i.e., different antenna configurations and different element patterns can
be inserted. The channel parameters are determined stochastically, based on statistical distributions
extracted from channel measurement. The distributions are defined for, e.g., delay spread, delay values,
angle spread, shadow fading, and cross-polarisation ratio. For each channel snapshot the channel
parameters are calculated from the distributions. Channel realisations are generated by summing
contributions of rays with specific channel parameters like delay, power, angle-of-arrival and angle-of-
departure. Different scenarios are modelled by using the same approach, but different parameters. The
parameter tables for each scenario are included in this deliverable.
Clustered delay line (CDL) models with fixed large-scale and small-scale parameters have also been
created for calibration and comparison of different simulations. The parameters of the CDL models are
based on expectation values of the generic models.
Several measurement campaigns provide the background for the parameterisation of the propagation
scenarios for both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) conditions. These measurements were
conducted by seven partners with different devices. The developed models are based on both literature
and extensive measurement campaigns that have been carried out within the WINNER I and WINNER II
projects.
The novel features of the WINNER models are its parameterisation, using of the same modelling
approach for both indoor and outdoor environments, new scenarios like outdoor-to-indoor and indoor-to-
outdoor, elevation in indoor scenarios, smooth time (and space) evolution of large-scale and small-scale
channel parameters (including cross-correlations), and scenario-dependent polarisation modelling. The
models are scalable from a single single-input-single-output (SISO) or multiple-input-multiple-output
(MIMO) link to a multi-link MIMO scenario including polarisation among other radio channel
dimensions.
WINNER II channel models can be used in link level and system level performance evaluation of
wireless systems, as well as comparison of different algorithms, technologies and products. The models
can be applied not only to WINNER II system, but also any other wireless system operating in 2 – 6 GHz
frequency range with up to 100 MHz RF bandwidth. The models supports multi-antenna technologies,
polarisation, multi-user, multi-cell, and multi-hop networks.
This report is divided into two parts. The first part defines the channel model structure and parameters.
The second part (separate volume) contains more detailed information about channel measurements and
analysis.
WINNER II D1.1.2 V1.2
Page 3 (82)
Authors
Partner Name Phone / Fax / e-mail
EBITG Pekka Kyösti Phone: +358 40 344 2000
Fax: +358 8 551 4344
e-mail: firstname.lastname@elektrobit.com
EBITG Juha Meinilä Phone: +358 40 344 2000
Fax: +
e-mail: firstname.lastname@elektrobit.com
EBITG Tommi Jämsä Phone: +358 40 344 2000
Fax: +358 8 551 4344
e-mail: firstname.lastname@elektrobit.com
EBITG Xiongwen Zhao Phone: +358 40 344 2000
Fax: +358 9 2561014
e-mail: firstname.lastname@elektrobit.com
EBITG Lassi Hentilä Phone: +358 40 344 2000
Fax: +358 8 551 4344
e-mail: firstname.lastname@elektrobit.com
UOULU/EBITG Juha Ylitalo Phone: +358 40 344 3352
Fax: +358 8 551 4344
e-mail: firstname.lastname@elektrobit.com
UOULU Mikko Alatossava Phone: +358 8 814 7638
Fax: +358 8 553 2845
e-mail: mikko.alatossava@ee.oulu.fi
WINNER II D1.1.2 V1.2
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UOULU Veli-Matti Holappa Phone: +358 8 814 2890
Fax: +358 8 553 2845
e-mail: crimson@ee.oulu.fi
TUI Milan Narandžić Phone: + 49 3677 69 3722
Fax: + 49 3677 69 1113
e-mail: milan.narandzic@tu-ilmenau.de
TUI Aihua Hong Phone: + 49 3677 69 1157
Fax: + 49 3677 69 1113
e-mail: aihua.hong@tu-ilmenau.de
TUI Marko Milojević Phone: + 49 3677 69 2673
Fax: + 49 3677 69 1195
e-mail: marko.milojevic@tu-ilmenau.de
TUI Christian Schneider Phone: + 49 3677 69 1157
Fax: + 49 3677 69 1113
e-mail: christian.schneider@tu-ilmenau.de
TUI Gerd Sommerkorn Phone: + 49 3677 69 1115
Fax: + 49 3677 69 1113
e-mail: gerd.sommerkorn@tu-ilmenau.de
CRC Robert Bultitude Phone: 1-613-98-2775
Fax: 1-613-990-7987
e-mail: robert.bultitude@crc.ca
CRC Yvo de Jong Phone: 1-603-990-9235
Fax: 1-613-990-6339
e-mail: yvo.dejong@crc.ca
NOK Terhi Rautiainen Phone: +358 50 4837218
Fax: + 358 7180 36857
e-mail: terhi.rautiainen@nokia.com
WINNER II D1.1.2 V1.2
Page 5 (82)
Table of Contents
1. Introduction................................................................................................. 7
2. Definitions ................................................................................................... 9
2.1
Terminology ................................................................................................................................9
2.2
List of Symbols .........................................................................................................................12
2.3
Propagation Scenarios ...............................................................................................................14
2.3.1
A1 – Indoor office.............................................................................................................16
2.3.2
A2 – Indoor to outdoor......................................................................................................16
2.3.3
B1 – Urban micro-cell.......................................................................................................17
2.3.4
B2 – Bad Urban micro-cell ...............................................................................................17
2.3.5
B3 – Indoor hotspot...........................................................................................................17
2.3.6
B4 – Outdoor to indoor .....................................................................................................17
2.3.7
B5 – Stationary Feeder......................................................................................................17
2.3.8
C1 – Suburban macro-cell.................................................................................................19
2.3.9
C2 – Urban macro-cell......................................................................................................19
2.3.10
C3 – Bad urban macro-cell ...............................................................................................19
2.3.11
C4 – Urban macro outdoor to indoor ................................................................................19
2.3.12
D1 – Rural macro-cell.......................................................................................................20
2.3.13
D2 – Moving networks......................................................................................................20
2.4
Measurement Tools ...................................................................................................................20
2.4.1
Propsound (EBITG, UOULU, Nokia)...............................................................................21
2.4.2
TUI sounder ......................................................................................................................22
2.4.3
CRC sounder.....................................................................................................................24
3. Channel Modelling Approach .................................................................. 26
3.1
WINNER Generic Channel Model............................................................................................27
3.1.1
Modelled parameters.........................................................................................................27
3.2
Modelling process .....................................................................................................................27
3.3
Network layout..........................................................................................................................28
3.3.1
Correlations between large scale parameters ....................................................................30
3.4
Concept of channel segments, drops and time evolution...........................................................33
3.4.1
Basic method for time-evolution.......................................................................................33
3.4.2
Markov process based method of time evolution..............................................................34
3.5
Nomadic channel condition.......................................................................................................34
3.6
Reduced complexity models......................................................................................................35
3.6.1
Cluster Delay Line models for mobile and portable scenarios..........................................36
3.6.2
Cluster Delay Line models for fixed feeder links .............................................................36
3.6.3
Complexity comparison of modelling methods ................................................................36
4. Channel Models and Parameters............................................................. 37
4.1
Applicability..............................................................................................................................37
4.1.1
Environment dependence..................................................................................................37
4.1.2
Frequency dependence......................................................................................................37
4.2
Generation of Channel Coefficients ..........................................................................................37
4.2.1
Generation of bad urban channels (B2, C3)......................................................................42
4.3
Path loss models ........................................................................................................................43
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