x264模式选择论文：Fast Adaptive Early Termination for Mode Selection in...
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Fast Adaptive Early Termination for Mode Selection
in H.264/AVC Standard Based on x264 Implementation
Jianfeng Ren
1
, Nasser Kehtarnavaz
1
, and Madhukar Budagavi
2
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas
2
DSP Solutions R&D Center, Texas Instruments
ABSTRACT
In the H.264/AVC video coding standard, the mode decision component involves a large amount of
computation. This paper presents a fast or computationally efficient mode prediction and selection
approach which has the following attributes: (a) both the spatial and temporal information are used to
achieve early termination using adaptive thresholds, (b) inclusion of a modulator capable of trading off
computational efficiency and accuracy, (c) a homogenous region detection procedure for 8x8 blocks based
on adaptive thresholds. The developed approach consists of three main steps: (1) mode prediction, (2) early
termination based on adaptive thresholds, and (3) refinement by checking all the modes. In addition, in
order to avoid sub-partitions into smaller block sizes for 8x8 blocks, texture information is utilized. It is
shown that the developed approach leads to a computationally efficient video coding implementation as
compared to the previous fast approaches. The results obtained on QCIF, CIF, and HD format video
sequences based on x264 are presented to demonstrate the computational efficiency of the developed
approach at the expense of acceptably low losses in video quality.
Keywords: Fast adaptive termination, fast mode selection in video coding, H264/AVC, x264
1. INTRODUCTION
In [1], it is shown that the H.264/AVC standard achieves a better coding efficiency than the previous
coding standards, due to the use of more advanced coding features such as quarter pixel motion
compensation, adaptive loop filter and variable block size mode selection. The variable block size mode
selection part is based on the special consideration that some macroblocks may contain several objects with
different motions. In order to provide coding accuracy, one macroblock is partitioned into several block
sizes including 16x16, 16x8, 8x16, 8x8, 8x4, 4x8 and 4x4, as shown in Fig 1, where small size blocks
correspond to detailed regions or large motion areas while larger size blocks correspond to homogenous
regions, relatively stationary or small motion areas. Also, in order to improve coding efficiency, the intra
mode is checked on I4x4 and I16x16, to support 9 and 4 different directional predictions. The H.264/AVC
standard supports the following modes in one macroblock: P16x16, P16x8, P8x16, P8x8, P8x4, P4x8,
P4x4, I4x4 and I16x16, including PSKIP mode.
In the implementation of the H.264/AVC codec appearing in JM9.5 [23], when conducting mode
decision for one macroblock, P16x16 is first checked, followed by P16x8 and so on. For each mode, a rate
distortion-based motion estimation is carried out to obtain the best candidate mode which has the minimum
rate distortion cost denoted by J. Though the rate distortion cost addresses coding efficiency, all the modes
are checked and then the best one with the minimum J is selected, which consequently increases the
computational complexity. The increase in the computational complexity poses implementation limitations
on portable devices with limited battery-life.
In this paper, we have introduced a Fast Adaptive early Termination algorithm for mode selection
(named FAT), which can reduce the computational complexity greatly and keep the video quality at a
Invited Paper
Real-Time Image Processing 2008, edited by Nasser Kehtarnavaz, Matthias F. Carlsohn,
Proc. of SPIE-IS&T Electronic Imaging, SPIE Vol. 6811, 68110A, © 2008 SPIE-IS&T · 0277-786X/08/$18
SPIE-IS&T/ Vol. 6811 68110A-1
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